WEBVTT 00:00.000 --> 00:12.680 All right, welcome to the open hardware dev room for this afternoon. 00:12.680 --> 00:14.560 Thank you for joining us. 00:14.560 --> 00:21.040 Our next presentation is going to be an amazing presentation on the open flexure microscope 00:21.040 --> 00:25.280 as you're well, I'm sure you're aware of this project already, or you probably wouldn't 00:25.280 --> 00:26.280 be here. 00:26.280 --> 00:32.280 Julian Sterling and Joe Napper, please give them a warm welcome. 00:32.280 --> 00:42.080 That's about as good as I'm going to get, so I might just leave now. 00:42.080 --> 00:48.640 So yeah, so we've titled the presentation, my cross-copy for everyone, so just a quick introduction 00:48.640 --> 00:52.680 to the open flexure microscope, so I don't know if you've seen us over in the stand. 00:52.680 --> 00:58.040 If you haven't, we've got them scanning, but it's a motorized digital laboratory-grade microscope. 00:58.040 --> 01:01.320 The stage is 3D printed, almost entirely as one piece. 01:01.320 --> 01:06.200 In fact, we've printed one out-fossed them, which I think is the first microscope manufacturing 01:06.200 --> 01:08.840 to ever actually happen out-fossed them. 01:08.840 --> 01:13.640 The design, it's optimized for plastic, it's not just a cheap imitation of a metal microscope, 01:13.640 --> 01:16.560 it's actually an optimized 3D printed microscope. 01:16.560 --> 01:19.560 Anyone could reproduce the design, it's entirely open. 01:19.640 --> 01:27.320 The focus is on medical research, as well as research medical use, educational use, and so when 01:27.320 --> 01:31.920 you say with 3D printing a microscope, people always say, well, how do you get the tolerances 01:31.920 --> 01:32.920 right? 01:32.920 --> 01:36.520 And you think about 3D printing, you think you don't have the surface roughness, you don't have 01:36.520 --> 01:41.160 the tolerance to build a traditional dovetail like you'd have in a microscope, but actually 01:41.160 --> 01:43.000 plastic bends quite well. 01:43.000 --> 01:46.680 If you've burned flexure joints, you don't get all the slipstick motion, you don't worry 01:46.680 --> 01:53.480 so much about the tolerances, and you can actually print it in one single piece, and so 01:53.480 --> 01:57.400 you've got this sort of parallelogram, each of the red dots there is acting as a hinge, 01:57.400 --> 02:03.080 we've got a screw going through, and we can actuate and flex the stage hence open flexure 02:03.080 --> 02:06.920 to produce our motion. 02:06.920 --> 02:11.640 So once you do that, you add some step-of-motors onto it, and we can get about 02:11.640 --> 02:17.560 100 nanometer precision in the motion, which if you're focusing with a times 100 objective, 02:17.560 --> 02:22.920 you really need sub-micron motion to actually get things into focus. 02:22.920 --> 02:29.160 Then we 3D print our things to hold off the shelf optics, we use Raspberry Pi camera, 02:29.160 --> 02:32.600 this is a high resolution version where we've got a microscope objective and a lens, 02:33.640 --> 02:37.240 put another lens on top with an LED, and now you've got a microscope. 02:37.400 --> 02:45.000 So, I started the talk with microscopy for everyone. 02:45.880 --> 02:51.400 Now, a lot of people, maybe not this room, we've got quite a lot of nerds here, but a lot of people 02:51.400 --> 02:54.760 look at me and go, do I need a microscope? 02:55.960 --> 02:58.760 And the answer there is, no, you probably do not need a microscope, 03:00.440 --> 03:07.080 but you really better hope your doctor has a microscope, and you'll notice we didn't say 03:07.160 --> 03:09.640 microscopes for everyone, we said microscopy. 03:11.400 --> 03:18.360 So, this here is a cervical smear, so if you're diagnosing cervical cancer, 03:19.000 --> 03:20.440 you need microscopy images. 03:21.800 --> 03:27.640 This here is a scan of red blood cells, so you look at red blood cells to look for parasites 03:27.640 --> 03:34.680 from malaria. So, about half a million people still die every year from malaria. 03:34.920 --> 03:41.320 The predominately that is children under the age of five in sub-Saharan Africa, 03:41.320 --> 03:46.200 the gold standard for malaria diagnosis is looking for parasites inside red blood cells. 03:46.200 --> 03:50.200 Even if you do the fast tests, sort of like the COVID test, we've got the lateral flow, 03:50.200 --> 03:55.640 every single case needs to be confirmed, and I think you have to look at the species as well, 03:57.400 --> 04:01.560 with a microscope. So, microscopes are really, really important, even if you 04:02.120 --> 04:06.920 don't actually want a microscope yourself. So, here is Joram in a clinic in Tanzania, 04:06.920 --> 04:10.680 with microscopes that you can make in Tanzania from malaria diagnosis. 04:11.800 --> 04:18.760 So, some people say, why build another microscope when we could just get a commercial microscope 04:18.760 --> 04:24.120 sent it there, how much does it cost? And maybe one that automatically scans like open 04:24.120 --> 04:30.360 flexure in my cost, 30,000, 40,000 euros. But then what people don't consider, 04:31.320 --> 04:36.440 what's the parts cost, and most important, what's the maintenance cost? The maintenance cost, 04:36.440 --> 04:43.720 big part is engineered travel. So, let's say, you've got a microscope from ZICE. They didn't 04:43.720 --> 04:48.760 necessarily expect that you were going to have such high humidity, they didn't necessarily expect 04:48.760 --> 04:54.040 that you were going to have air conditioning, and you've got a bit of rust on something. 04:54.040 --> 05:00.440 So, you say, I want a spare part. ZICE don't want to send you a spare part, they want to send 05:00.440 --> 05:05.000 you a service engineer. Then they say, well, we don't actually have a service engineer in your 05:05.000 --> 05:11.640 continent, but we can ship one over, only cost one business class flight, and then suddenly to 05:11.640 --> 05:19.560 get one piece replaced, that's another 15,000 euros. And how long before you need the next piece 05:19.640 --> 05:25.320 replaced? So, actually, the largest cost of keeping a microscope running is the long term 05:25.320 --> 05:32.360 maintenance cost. And so, if you can make a microscope locally, then you can mend a microscope locally. 05:32.360 --> 05:38.120 It's much better to get a guy on a scooter, drive over, fix your microscope right there. So, 05:38.120 --> 05:45.400 a lot of the focus of what we're doing is making sure we can build microscopes in a country. So, 05:45.880 --> 05:50.680 can we decide a microscope that is understandable by many? One, it's an open source project, 05:50.680 --> 05:54.760 we want people to contribute, we want it to be understandable. But if you're going to go through 05:54.760 --> 05:59.000 medical device regulations, you need to be able to explain exactly why you did something, 05:59.000 --> 06:05.240 and you need to be understandable to a regulator, not just all of your community. We want the 06:05.240 --> 06:10.360 community to still suggest changes. This is an open source project. We want different variations 06:10.360 --> 06:13.720 depending on, you know, if you're a hobbyist, if you're trying to build it in a school, 06:14.280 --> 06:17.880 you may be don't want to be going through all the processes that you're going through if you're 06:17.880 --> 06:23.880 building it for medical use. But then we still want to actually be able to use it as a medical 06:23.880 --> 06:29.080 device throughout the world, even if the community has suggested changes, which is fine, 06:30.440 --> 06:35.240 but medical device regulations say you've got to have really clear version control. You have to 06:35.240 --> 06:39.320 know what goes into the design, you have to risk assess the problems that you have to be clear 06:39.400 --> 06:43.720 concise with all of your technical documentation, keeping them up to date. Be very traceable of 06:43.720 --> 06:49.240 what decisions you made when it went in. Now if you say that to a lot of people, they go, how would you 06:49.240 --> 06:57.320 do that? Now we all know how we do that, but you just get, and actually let's say we have it on 06:57.320 --> 07:02.920 GitLab, we can put a proof, we stop people pushing to master, we can put a merge of approvals on, 07:02.920 --> 07:12.040 and so generally in the CAD world use product lifecycle management systems, which are 07:13.640 --> 07:21.800 ridiculously expensive on a level of tens of thousands of pounds per seat per year. 07:21.800 --> 07:25.880 And so it's not really easy to get the open source community involved with that, hey, 07:25.880 --> 07:31.080 you want to contribute to our project, just pay 10,000 euros a year just to get a license to be 07:31.080 --> 07:40.520 up, not working. So as I said, we can use Git, this was my attempt to try and explain Git to 07:40.520 --> 07:45.800 our hardware engineers, and so you know it looks a bit like a Git tree, but look, we've got different 07:45.800 --> 07:50.280 companies with different stages of manufacturing, but I'm going to assume this room is fairly 07:50.280 --> 07:57.240 of a fair with Git and move on, but actually in the hardware world you don't normally have 07:57.240 --> 08:02.440 sort of all of the benefits of DevOps that we've so used to now in software. So you can do all 08:02.440 --> 08:06.360 of your planning with your issue management, you've got your virtual control, you pipe it into 08:06.360 --> 08:12.600 CI Optimizer, you know, CI Automation, then offline, the actual hardware, we're going to do our 08:12.600 --> 08:17.480 production, do our testing, and we can feed that back into the system. And so we can actually start 08:17.480 --> 08:23.560 doing the DevOps workflow with hardware, and automation here really, really helps. So every time 08:23.560 --> 08:29.400 we push a commit to open SCAD, so this is all designed in open SCAD, open SCAD creates all of 08:29.400 --> 08:35.000 the STLs automatically for the new proposed changes. We create all of the renders for the new 08:35.000 --> 08:39.720 proposed changes, we put them through a program that we wrote called Git Building for documentation, 08:39.720 --> 08:43.000 all of the bills and materials will update, and we can do that independently for different 08:43.000 --> 08:49.480 variations, we can pipe all off to the website. If you're automating it, we're talking about 08:49.560 --> 08:55.800 quality control for medical devices, we've got Git Hashes, we know exactly what the code looks like, 08:55.800 --> 09:00.280 but we're developing it, we're actually building the STLs on the server, so why not stamp the 09:00.280 --> 09:05.320 Git Hash into the 3D printed model, and then any single time you pick up a microscope and go, 09:05.960 --> 09:11.000 when was that printed? You can just look up the Hash and you know exactly what code went into that. 09:11.240 --> 09:24.760 Not only that, we're just running in CI, so we can pipe out of open SCAD into Inkscape and 09:24.760 --> 09:30.840 annotate all of our renders, so we can have annotated renders, we can put the bill of materials for 09:30.840 --> 09:35.960 what's used in that specific page in, and then one of the most confusing things and a lot of 09:35.960 --> 09:40.680 people's documentation, if you take photos, you're not going to update every photo and something 09:40.680 --> 09:45.880 changes. The color changes, this changes, that is, especially if you're doing the same step, 09:45.880 --> 09:49.640 do you want to take the same step for four different variations of the same design? And we're 09:49.640 --> 09:53.320 basically doing the same thing, you take the thing I told you to build, you're hook it up with a 09:53.320 --> 09:58.040 screw and then you screw it in, but it's kind of confusing if you have to explain it in a whole 09:58.040 --> 10:02.440 bunch of text. Yes, I know your thing does not look like this in this case, but can you put it in 10:02.440 --> 10:09.080 anyway a bit like this one? So we can actually, for any variation of the microscope, make sure that 10:09.080 --> 10:17.880 always the documentation is exactly what you're doing. And if you have clear instructions that 10:17.880 --> 10:25.720 allow really good replication and modification, that's the only way in hardware your community 10:25.720 --> 10:31.240 can actually start building it and producing it around the world. So, always very jealous of the maps 10:31.240 --> 10:35.480 that open software projects put out there, but anyone just have to click download. 10:36.200 --> 10:40.120 Same with, you know, circuit boards, I get the feeling it's a bit easier to send it 10:40.120 --> 10:44.280 off to the fab and get it somewhere, but once you've got something 3D printed, microscope designed 10:44.280 --> 10:49.080 the barrier to entries quite high. And so we try and lower the barrier to entry with making it 10:49.080 --> 10:54.600 easy to get every single STL, easy to good build and materials. And we, you know, we're not 10:54.600 --> 10:59.640 doing telemetry and say, oh, we just found somebody using it. We're just waiting for people to 10:59.720 --> 11:05.000 pop up on the forum and say, hey, I've got one in Thailand, and then we color it pink. So so far, 11:06.840 --> 11:12.280 this is where we know people have built or used a microscope, including on the Antarctic 11:12.280 --> 11:19.320 CIS, you know, quite a few countries in Africa, most of Latin America. We were talking some 11:19.320 --> 11:23.960 people earlier, leave a space, haven't built one in Greece yet. So, they need to get on it, 11:23.960 --> 11:29.400 anyone in any of these countries that agree, please build a microscope and go to the forum and 11:29.400 --> 11:33.640 tell us that you've, and tell us that you've built a microscope. Maybe you're going on holiday 11:33.640 --> 11:42.120 to one of these countries. You can make a microscope on holiday. And also, if you've got good 11:42.120 --> 11:47.080 replication instructions, people can actually modify it in the research community. So we start 11:47.080 --> 11:51.720 looking through the research literature, and we found somebody in Japan had built an optical 11:51.720 --> 11:57.160 sectioning microscope, built our far microscope, a different group in Scotland had built a super 11:57.160 --> 12:04.680 resolution microscope, built using our microscope. And finally, education and educational use is 12:04.680 --> 12:09.320 something we really want to support. So this is a print farm in Nairobi, Kenya. What they are doing 12:10.920 --> 12:15.880 is they are printing a modified version of the microscope for schools. So good for education, 12:15.880 --> 12:19.320 if you're going to actually see an image and point it to it, rather than asking somebody to look 12:19.320 --> 12:23.720 down a microscope and saying, do you see that kind of blue thing next to the sort of pink thing? 12:23.720 --> 12:29.320 Yeah, I don't, maybe. So educational use is so good. The thing that's so cool in this print 12:29.320 --> 12:35.960 farm in Kenya is they were actually getting on pushbikes, going round to local cafes, 12:35.960 --> 12:41.560 collecting the disarney water bottles, taking the labels off, cleaning them, turning it through 12:41.560 --> 12:47.000 their own homemade machine into filament, putting it through their home homemade printers that 12:47.000 --> 12:53.320 they made from e-waste. And from the e-waste printer and from the waste bottles they made 12:53.320 --> 13:02.520 microscopes. And if that's not upcycling, I don't know what anything is. So I'm going to pass it over to Joe. 13:03.560 --> 13:10.520 It doesn't have a beard for the beard, Mike, but, uh, 13:10.600 --> 13:31.000 okay, can you hear me okay? So thanks to you all in for the introduction, you've only 13:31.000 --> 13:37.640 ruined the supplies on two of my slides. So thanks to that, the obvious question after talking 13:37.640 --> 13:42.840 a bit about what goes into it behind the scenes, what's happened at the core development team is, 13:42.840 --> 13:48.040 what does this look like in practice out in the world? And there's two answers to that and one 13:48.040 --> 13:52.680 of them is easy and one of them is interesting. So we're going to go with both. So what's it 13:52.680 --> 14:01.640 what I can practice? Well, here is our software running on this microscope, run off a power bank 14:01.640 --> 14:09.320 and to prove it's live. And I didn't pre-record that in case anyone's very paranoid. 14:10.840 --> 14:16.920 So we've got a microscope that we've built, we've flown with, it's gone to airport security, 14:16.920 --> 14:20.280 they've done the usual thing of picking up the flight case and going, what is this? 14:21.960 --> 14:28.840 And I get to say, well, it was a microscope, but now who knows? That's what was in Norway. 14:29.000 --> 14:37.080 So, so what's this? So microscope. Oh, what kind of microscope? What answer wouldn't let me 14:37.080 --> 14:48.920 on the plane? So that is now live, I can scan around and I can go into this tab and start a scan. 14:50.440 --> 14:55.160 First rule of engineering never do live demos. So I'm going to the tab out of that. 14:55.720 --> 15:03.400 That's going to scan around just taking the feed from the pie camera, taking each image, 15:03.400 --> 15:07.960 auto-focusing on it and then building up a composite large area scan. 15:10.520 --> 15:15.560 But the other aspect of what this looks like in practice is what does this look like out in the world. 15:15.560 --> 15:20.120 And so I'm just going to put a spotlight on some of the people who have got in touch saying, 15:20.120 --> 15:26.040 I've built this, I've modified this, I've sold this. We've already heard about the use case 15:26.040 --> 15:33.160 from malaria, incredibly important. The gold standard from malaria diagnosis is manual white microscopy. 15:33.720 --> 15:38.280 It's called the gold standard because we know how to treat malaria if it's diagnosed early 15:38.280 --> 15:45.160 and we know that diagnostic test very well. But it's the access to equipment to medical supplies 15:46.120 --> 15:53.720 where COVID estimates are at least 50% of medical equipment in sub-Saharan Africa is currently in landfill. 15:55.160 --> 16:02.920 Over 50% a lot of the time it's donated as end of life equipment from Europe or parts of North America 16:02.920 --> 16:07.720 with the best intentions but no one to plan for how they can be supported. 16:08.440 --> 16:12.360 Instead, in the World Health Organization recent compendium, 16:13.560 --> 16:18.920 we've been recommended as one of the innovative emerging technologies that could make a huge 16:18.920 --> 16:25.640 difference. And if you turn to page 71 of why they recommend us, there's a big green tick next to open source and access. 16:26.360 --> 16:28.360 Thank you very much. 16:32.440 --> 16:38.840 Although from Chile, Paula was using this for tracking beaver populations. 16:38.840 --> 16:43.240 Taking some of the most spectacular pictures with the open flagship microscope in the foreground 16:43.240 --> 16:51.480 and huge values and rivers in the background. Across Africa, organizations like Africa, 16:51.480 --> 16:57.480 Russia and Wambian are running microscope workshops, building these locally and then running workshops 16:57.480 --> 17:02.920 in whatever the attendees are interested in. It can be used as a platform for talking about engineering, 17:02.920 --> 17:08.360 got computer science or biology or medicine, but also about entrepreneurship and how you could set up 17:08.360 --> 17:13.240 a business selling these modifying these and keeping the control in the community where they needed. 17:14.440 --> 17:19.160 Dr Daniel Rosen, a professor of pathology at the Baylor College of Medicine in Texas, 17:20.040 --> 17:25.800 he is part of the global health team and has used our microscope in a few different countries, 17:26.520 --> 17:31.800 building them, maintaining them and explaining that this brings more control when more 17:31.800 --> 17:37.000 independent to the communities where they're most needed. So quiz time, while I take a break, 17:38.120 --> 17:42.840 these are two identical microscopes and almost every way, almost. 17:43.800 --> 17:50.200 The specs of these are identical. One of these is what we consider to be a medical version of 17:50.200 --> 17:56.360 our microscope and one of these we consider to be more fun research things like that. So I'll give 17:56.360 --> 18:07.640 you a few seconds to make your choice. Hands up for the one on the left being medical. Hands up for 18:07.640 --> 18:18.680 the one on the right. Okay, interesting. The food that we got, these are medical colors. 18:18.680 --> 18:27.320 These are serious. It's blue. It's black. It's white. This one's fun. I can't have that. 18:29.160 --> 18:35.160 So Daniel, once talk one of our microscopes to diagnose a soft material cancer in Brazil 18:35.720 --> 18:40.680 and thought it'd be a nice touch to print the parts in the colours of the Brazilian flag. 18:42.360 --> 18:47.320 Show that with a microscope that was bright green and blue in yellow, happily pondered down on their 18:47.320 --> 18:55.800 table and the medic said we're not touching that. There's the important point there about it's 18:55.800 --> 19:01.400 not enough to make something open and then just fire information at people. We could sit there 19:01.400 --> 19:05.880 all day telling them about the resolution and the contrast of the speed and the range of motion. 19:06.600 --> 19:10.920 But that's not what interests them and that's not what generates trust in a device 19:11.480 --> 19:13.960 and it's the trust that we've been working on for years now. 19:16.440 --> 19:24.600 Over in Ukraine, Toloca are driving around in vans with 3D printers in the back, building whatever 19:24.600 --> 19:29.240 they think they can design and build to support the efforts over there. They've got in touch 19:29.240 --> 19:35.080 to let us know that some of our microscopes have been used still in education there during one 19:35.080 --> 19:42.040 of the most challenging times in the country's history. Professor Matsui, firm Japan, 19:42.600 --> 19:48.200 sent us a very polite email a few years ago to say hi, we found your designs. We modified them 19:48.200 --> 19:54.520 a bit. It's now doing super resolution microscopy. We're publishing a paper. Here's the DIY. 19:54.520 --> 20:04.040 We hope you don't mind. Now, now, over in Argentina, using it to look at the soil health 20:04.040 --> 20:09.160 for local agriculture purposes, making sure that people can see right in front of their eyes, 20:09.160 --> 20:13.080 this sample being tested live in front of them, making it real for people, 20:13.080 --> 20:23.720 rather than science happening at some remote lab far away. Julian. Julian took one of our microscopes out 20:23.720 --> 20:29.880 to Panama and was running it on samples, and the microscope's quite light. He didn't want to take 20:29.880 --> 20:36.520 a mouse and keyboard with him. He's controlling that with a SNES controller. Dr. Homo Kelsey 20:36.520 --> 20:41.720 is a specialist in women's health, who is also part of the global health team over in America, 20:42.360 --> 20:52.360 and as Julian mentioned, we have worked on building up this huge wide area scans that 20:52.440 --> 21:01.720 a single image from one. May what like this? The scans were doing what more like this. 21:03.880 --> 21:09.800 All automated running on the Raspberry Pi, able to get dive nurses and places that traditionally 21:09.800 --> 21:20.280 would rely on manual techniques. Kelsey set up this work we did in Rwanda last January, 21:20.360 --> 21:24.840 setting up the microscopes there so that doctors can get second opinions and online 21:24.840 --> 21:30.200 consults. Previously at Shashubay, there was a manual microscope. If they couldn't diagnose 21:30.200 --> 21:34.520 your condition, it was most likely that they would put you on a bus to the north of the country 21:34.520 --> 21:41.560 seven hours away. Now instead we run regular sessions for training where they can look at samples, 21:41.560 --> 21:46.680 they found challenging on about microscope and have discussions with other pathologists in other areas. 21:46.680 --> 21:51.240 That means that not only are they getting that training on that sample, but also they're 21:51.240 --> 21:54.840 up scaling and learning more about the cases that they're going to be facing. 21:56.120 --> 22:02.440 So this is our world map, and as Julian mentioned, it works more like this. But also, 22:02.440 --> 22:05.880 like you said, we don't track, and so we've got this forum where people get in touch, 22:05.880 --> 22:09.320 sometimes they tell us where, sometimes they value their privacy and that's fine. 22:09.880 --> 22:15.800 But on part of the University of Glasgow, and there's an academic, I feel like I'm constantly fighting 22:15.800 --> 22:21.880 against particularly the phrase, data available on reasonable request, or waiting for someone to 22:21.880 --> 22:25.640 email asking for a lab tool, or letting you know that we'll see you at a conference. 22:26.360 --> 22:31.400 And when people wait for things like that, they miss out on some of the things that people have 22:31.400 --> 22:38.600 come to our forum and said about soil microscopy, knife sharpening, we're some students that want to 22:38.600 --> 22:43.960 do microscopy at home during a pandemic. Can you translate the instructions into French? 22:45.960 --> 22:50.280 I'd like to make this with my children. Can you build a telescope with this? 22:51.400 --> 22:54.920 Open flagship con where we've got a load of us together in a room to talk about the 22:54.920 --> 22:58.920 direction for the project. I'd like to build this on a date with my girlfriend. 23:01.000 --> 23:02.360 We never heard back from them. 23:05.880 --> 23:06.600 Motion dice. 23:08.440 --> 23:08.920 Thank you. 23:10.280 --> 23:15.000 Yeah, it's all open source. Some vendors have got in touch with us saying that they are selling it, 23:15.080 --> 23:20.840 some of them funds the project back, others contribute to the code base, so we've got to keep 23:20.840 --> 23:28.040 the lights on. So I'm so pleased by a t-shirt. Open flagship voice control, and then an email 23:28.040 --> 23:33.960 can I send the open flagship to space? Go and ask any conventional microscopy academic, 23:33.960 --> 23:38.280 how long they would have to wait to get an email like that for the proprietary system. 23:40.040 --> 23:43.960 And so this is the end of the talk where what we're supposed to do is talk about the future 23:43.960 --> 23:49.240 of the project. And there's things that we're working on where we're writing the underlying 23:49.240 --> 23:54.840 software. We've got two other projects, the block stage and the delta stage. We 23:55.800 --> 24:00.600 desperately working towards medical certification in Tanzania or in Rwanda. 24:01.560 --> 24:06.280 And keeping the community engaged, organizing other events and just being ready for when people 24:06.280 --> 24:12.440 get in touch. But really, that's just a gas and we've got no idea where the project is going next. 24:13.160 --> 24:19.320 This was version one of the open flagship microscope. From there it's gone to the Antarctic 24:19.320 --> 24:24.360 and it's gone to Tanzania and Rwanda and the Philippines and it's gone on their parabolic flight 24:24.360 --> 24:30.920 for zero g. And we couldn't really have predicted any of that. So a lot of our development isn't 24:30.920 --> 24:36.760 about pushing it in certain directions, it's making this a platform that's ready for whatever 24:36.760 --> 24:43.080 is, whatever direction people being gone. And so with that, I'll say that we had no idea 24:43.080 --> 24:48.360 where it was going at the start. All we had was a small snapshot and we had to wait 24:48.360 --> 24:53.400 and let other people bring things in and it grew and grew and grew until you've got a much bigger 24:53.400 --> 24:59.400 idea of what's going on. That's about my entire talk with a metaphor for scanning microscopes. Thank you 24:59.400 --> 25:11.480 very much. We have any questions. 25:19.480 --> 25:25.640 Hi, an awesome project back here. I have a question about maintenance, do the 25:25.720 --> 25:32.600 lectures everywhere out? Yeah, so really a question. So it depends a lot on the quality of the PLA 25:32.600 --> 25:39.000 filament. So if you do it with a lot of moisture in the filament, if it's not new filament, 25:39.000 --> 25:44.840 they haven't printed well, they tend to crack. So you have to worry a lot about say humidity where 25:44.840 --> 25:50.520 you are, but what we were doing for a while in Tanzania was just having a microscope around a 25:50.600 --> 25:55.640 full edge of the travel forward backwards forwards backwards. The first thing that happened 25:55.640 --> 26:01.160 to the first thing that broke was we wore the metal off the lead screw. Now we had bought 26:01.160 --> 26:08.200 really cheap, I think some sort of Chinese cheese steel alloy. So we did have to buy better screws, 26:08.200 --> 26:13.400 but we managed to run them for three months forward in backwards. And I think possibly you'll get 26:13.400 --> 26:18.280 a year or two, you might get some degradation, but that's the thing of you could it's a cheap enough 26:18.280 --> 26:22.360 part that if they're built locally, you can put that in a regular maintenance schedule to switch 26:22.360 --> 26:31.480 out the body a year. Other than choosing the right colors, what challenges for getting medical 26:31.480 --> 26:39.320 certification. A lot of it's around documentation, so you really need to, there's a lot of paperwork, 26:39.320 --> 26:46.120 for good reason, not just to show that you've done, you've done your checks, you've thought 26:46.120 --> 26:51.000 through why you thought to how it could fail, but making sure you've got the processes in place. 26:51.000 --> 26:58.120 So when you have one that works, that is every single one that you build, going to be the same 26:58.120 --> 27:03.240 as the one that you tested. And so that's why it's quite hard, it's an open source project, 27:03.240 --> 27:09.240 you can't medically certify the open source project because if somebody builds it badly, that's 27:09.240 --> 27:14.040 not the same. So we're not trying to be medically certified ourselves, we're trying to provide a platform 27:14.120 --> 27:23.000 where manufacturers can work with us to become medically certified, then it will be their own company 27:23.000 --> 27:28.120 that is medically certified. So they're not relying on us because what we don't want to do is set it 27:28.120 --> 27:33.880 up in a way that they're continuously relying on us for certification. We want to make it in a case 27:33.880 --> 27:38.360 way. If me and Joe become evil and tell them that they can't do it anymore, they can go up, 27:38.360 --> 27:43.400 well, it's an irrevocable open license, so yes, we can. So the plan is to make sure that we're 27:43.480 --> 27:49.880 not in control, but that means a lot of upskilling, a lot of making sure the design is transferred 27:49.880 --> 27:54.920 from us to other people and that they understand it well enough that they can do all of the checks in 27:54.920 --> 27:59.960 place and make sure their suppliers don't give them the rubbish screws that we talked about, 27:59.960 --> 28:08.040 the war out before the flagships. Yeah, brilliant, I'll do the love it. Just wondering, because 28:08.040 --> 28:13.320 there's a talk about making it available in Tanzania and other places where no resource is 28:13.320 --> 28:18.920 or more expensive, options may not be the disruption. Is there a plan, before example, 28:18.920 --> 28:24.600 make something like up and fracture, be somewhat more standard within Europe, where we do have, 28:24.600 --> 28:29.800 you know, whatever fancy company with their proprietary software and hardware is available, 28:29.800 --> 28:36.040 but to make it more available in the marketplace and investment development countries. 28:36.600 --> 28:41.400 Yeah, so I've been where we're definitely talking to schools about educational use, 28:41.480 --> 28:45.720 but we're actually talking to university college London who are starting a trial for 28:47.000 --> 28:52.440 chronic UTIs, where they're hopefully going to use the open flexure as part of that. So then 28:52.440 --> 28:58.840 and that really builds trust that it's not, this is for you, this is for us, but the main use case for 28:58.840 --> 29:03.160 us has been making sure the EEs possible to build. We know it's possible to build it in England, 29:03.160 --> 29:08.120 that's where we're designing it. If we only designed it, waited until and went, well this is kind 29:08.120 --> 29:13.320 of a low cost where we are, so we assume it works in Africa, that's the worst way to do engineering 29:13.320 --> 29:17.960 with that, you have to engineer with Africans, there's brilliant engineers in Africa, 29:17.960 --> 29:20.600 we need to know, you know, what's available in different places. 29:25.320 --> 29:31.320 Did you, did you see they're using global shutter cameras to overcome the knock on the table problem? 29:31.720 --> 29:37.720 Sorry? Did you want to see they're using global shutter cameras to overcome the knock on the 29:37.720 --> 29:43.000 table problem? We would love to, it's basically, it's availability of components, so it comes 29:43.000 --> 29:47.880 back to the previous question of which are most available, so yeah, they are quite standard 29:47.880 --> 29:52.920 but getting them in onto the Raspberry Pi, so I know they've got a global shutter one now, so hopefully 29:52.920 --> 29:55.720 soon.