// Copyright (C) 2016 The Qt Company Ltd.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0

#include "cppgenerator.h"
#include "anystringview_helpers.h"
#include "configurablescope.h"
#include "generatorargument.h"
#include "generatorstrings.h"
#include "defaultvalue.h"
#include "generatorcontext.h"
#include "codesnip.h"
#include "customconversion.h"
#include "headergenerator.h"
#include "apiextractorresult.h"
#include "ctypenames.h"
#include <exception.h>
#include "pytypenames.h"
#include "fileout.h"
#include "overloaddata.h"
#include "pymethoddefentry.h"
#include <abstractmetaenum.h>
#include <abstractmetafield.h>
#include <abstractmetafunction.h>
#include <abstractmetalang.h>
#include <abstractmetalang_helpers.h>
#include <messages.h>
#include <modifications.h>
#include <propertyspec.h>
#include <reporthandler.h>
#include <sourcelocation.h>
#include <textstream.h>
#include <typedatabase.h>
#include <containertypeentry.h>
#include <enumtypeentry.h>
#include <flagstypeentry.h>
#include <functiontypeentry.h>
#include <namespacetypeentry.h>
#include <primitivetypeentry.h>
#include <smartpointertypeentry.h>
#include <typesystemtypeentry.h>
#include <valuetypeentry.h>
#include <parser/enumvalue.h>

#include "qtcompat.h"

#include <QtCore/qdebug.h>
#include <QtCore/qdir.h>
#include <QtCore/qmetaobject.h>
#include <QtCore/qmetatype.h>
#include <QtCore/qregularexpression.h>
#include <QtCore/qset.h>
#include <QtCore/qtextstream.h>

#include <algorithm>
#include <cstring>
#include <memory>
#include <set>

using namespace Qt::StringLiterals;

static const char shibokenErrorsOccurred[] = "Shiboken::Errors::occurred() != nullptr";

static constexpr auto virtualMethodStaticReturnVar = "result"_L1;
static constexpr auto initFuncPrefix = "init_"_L1;

static constexpr auto sbkObjectTypeF = "SbkObject_TypeF()"_L1;
static constexpr auto enumConverterPythonType = "Enum"_L1;
static constexpr auto flagsConverterPythonType = "Flag"_L1;
static const char initInheritanceFunction[] = "initInheritance";

static QString mangleName(QString name)
{
    if (name == u"None" || name == u"False" || name == u"True" || name == u"from")
        name += u'_';
    return name;
}

struct sbkUnusedVariableCast
{
    explicit sbkUnusedVariableCast(QAnyStringView name) : m_name(name) {}

    const QAnyStringView m_name;
};

TextStream &operator<<(TextStream &str, const sbkUnusedVariableCast &c)
{
    str << "SBK_UNUSED(" << c.m_name << ")\n";
    return str;
}

struct retrieveWrapper
{
    explicit retrieveWrapper(const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &klass,
                             QAnyStringView instanceName = "this")
        : m_klass(klass), m_instanceName(instanceName) {}

    const AbstractMetaClassCPtr m_klass;
    const QAnyStringView m_instanceName;
};

TextStream &operator<<(TextStream &str, const retrieveWrapper &rw)
{
    str << "Shiboken::BindingManager::instance().retrieveWrapper(" << rw.m_instanceName
        << ", " << CppGenerator::cpythonTypeName(rw.m_klass) << ')';
    return str;
}

struct pyTypeGetSlot
{
    explicit pyTypeGetSlot(QAnyStringView funcType, QAnyStringView typeObject,
                           QAnyStringView aSlot) :
        m_funcType(funcType), m_typeObject(typeObject), m_slot(aSlot) {}

    const QAnyStringView m_funcType;
    const QAnyStringView m_typeObject;
    const QAnyStringView m_slot;
};

TextStream &operator<<(TextStream &str, const pyTypeGetSlot &p)
{
    str << "reinterpret_cast<" << p.m_funcType << ">(PepType_GetSlot("
        << p.m_typeObject << ", " << p.m_slot << "));\n";
    return str;
}

TextStream &operator<<(TextStream &s, CppGenerator::ErrorReturn r)
{
    s << "return";
    switch (r) {
    case CppGenerator::ErrorReturn::Default:
        s << " {}";
        break;
    case CppGenerator::ErrorReturn::Zero:
        s << " 0";
        break;
    case CppGenerator::ErrorReturn::MinusOne:
        s << " -1";
        break;
    case CppGenerator::ErrorReturn::NullPtr:
        s << " nullptr";
        break;
    case CppGenerator::ErrorReturn::Void:
        break;
    }
    s << ";\n";
    return s;
}

static constexpr auto converterVar = "converter"_L1;

// Helper streamable class for generating code registering converters
class registerConverterName
{
public:
    enum Flag
    {
        Indirections = 0x1, // Also register "Type*", "Type&"
        PartiallyQualifiedAliases = 0x2, // Also register "B" when passed "A::B"
        TypeId = 0x4, // Use typeid().name() for the string passed in
        Alias = 0x8 // This is an alias
    };
    Q_DECLARE_FLAGS(Flags, Flag)

    explicit registerConverterName(QAnyStringView typeName,
                                   QAnyStringView varName = {},
                                   Flags flags = {}) noexcept:
        m_typeName(typeName), m_varName(varName), m_flags(flags) {}

    void format(TextStream &s) const;

    inline friend TextStream &operator<<(TextStream &s, const registerConverterName &r)
    {
        r.format(s);
        return s;
    }

private:
    static void formatEntry(TextStream &s, QAnyStringView typeName,
                            QAnyStringView varName, Flags flags,
                            const char *indirection = "");

    QAnyStringView m_typeName;
    QAnyStringView m_varName;
    Flags m_flags;
};

Q_DECLARE_OPERATORS_FOR_FLAGS(registerConverterName::Flags)

void registerConverterName::formatEntry(TextStream &s, QAnyStringView typeName,
                                        QAnyStringView varName, Flags flags,
                                        const char *indirection)
{
    s << "Shiboken::Conversions::registerConverter"
        << (flags.testFlag(Alias) ? "Alias" : "Name")
        << '(' << varName << ", ";
    if (flags.testFlag(TypeId))
        s << "typeid(" << typeName << indirection << ").name()";
    else
        s << '"' << typeName << indirection << '"';
    s << ");\n";
}

void registerConverterName::format(TextStream &s) const
{
    QAnyStringView typeName = m_typeName;
    const QAnyStringView varName = m_varName.isEmpty() ? converterVar : m_varName;
    auto flags = m_flags;

    while (true) {
        formatEntry(s, typeName, varName, flags);
        if (flags.testFlag(Indirections)) {
            formatEntry(s, typeName, varName, flags, "*");
            formatEntry(s, typeName, varName, flags, "&");
        }

        if (!flags.testFlag(PartiallyQualifiedAliases))
            break;
        auto pos = asv_indexOf(typeName, "::");
        if (pos < 0)
            break;
        typeName = typeName.sliced(pos + 2);
        flags.setFlag(Alias);
    }
}

// Protocol function name / function parameters / return type
struct ProtocolEntry
{
    QString name;
    QString arguments;
    QString returnType;
};

using ProtocolEntries = QList<ProtocolEntry>;

static bool contains(const ProtocolEntries &l, const QString &needle)
{
    return std::any_of(l.cbegin(), l.cend(),
                       [&needle](const ProtocolEntry &e) {
                           return e.name == needle;
                       });
}

// Maps special function names to function parameters and return types
// used by CPython API in the mapping protocol.
const ProtocolEntries &mappingProtocols()
{
    static const ProtocolEntries result = {
        {u"__mlen__"_s,
         u"PyObject *self"_s,
         u"Py_ssize_t"_s},
        {u"__mgetitem__"_s,
         u"PyObject *self, PyObject *_key"_s,
         u"PyObject*"_s},
        {u"__msetitem__"_s,
         u"PyObject *self, PyObject *_key, PyObject *_value"_s,
         intT}};
    return result;
}

// Maps special function names to function parameters and return types
// used by CPython API in the sequence protocol.
const ProtocolEntries &sequenceProtocols()
{
    static const ProtocolEntries result = {
        {u"__len__"_s,
         u"PyObject *self"_s,
         u"Py_ssize_t"_s},
        {u"__getitem__"_s,
         u"PyObject *self, Py_ssize_t _i"_s,
         u"PyObject*"_s},
        {u"__setitem__"_s,
         u"PyObject *self, Py_ssize_t _i, PyObject *_value"_s,
         intT},
        {u"__getslice__"_s,
         u"PyObject *self, Py_ssize_t _i1, Py_ssize_t _i2"_s,
         u"PyObject*"_s},
        {u"__setslice__"_s,
         u"PyObject *self, Py_ssize_t _i1, Py_ssize_t _i2, PyObject *_value"_s,
         intT},
        {u"__contains__"_s,
         u"PyObject *self, PyObject *_value"_s,
         intT},
        {u"__concat__"_s,
         u"PyObject *self, PyObject *_other"_s,
         u"PyObject*"_s}
    };
    return result;
}

// Return name of function to create PyObject wrapping a container
static QString opaqueContainerCreationFunc(const AbstractMetaType &type)
{
    const auto containerTypeEntry =
        std::static_pointer_cast<const ContainerTypeEntry>(type.typeEntry());
    const auto instantiationTypeEntry =
        type.instantiations().constFirst().typeEntry();
    QString result = u"create"_s;
    if (type.isConstant())
        result += u"Const"_s;
    result += containerTypeEntry->opaqueContainerName(type.instantiationCppSignatures());
    return result;
}

// Write declaration of the function to create PyObject wrapping a container
static void writeOpaqueContainerCreationFuncDecl(TextStream &s, const QString &name,
                                                 AbstractMetaType type)
{
    type.setReferenceType(NoReference);
    // Maintain const
    s << "PyObject *" << name << '(' << type.cppSignature() << "*);\n";
}

CppGenerator::CppGenerator() = default;

QString CppGenerator::fileNameForContext(const GeneratorContext &context) const
{
    return fileNameForContextHelper(context, u"_wrapper.cpp"_s);
}

void CppGenerator::clearTpFuncs()
{
    // Functions that should not be registered under a name in PyMethodDef,
    // but under a special constant under slots.
    m_tpFuncs = {
        {u"__str__"_s, {}}, {u"__str__"_s, {}},
        {REPR_FUNCTION, {}}, {u"__iter__"_s, {}},
        {u"__next__"_s, {}}
    };
    m_nbFuncs = { {u"__abs__"_s, {}}, {u"__pow__"_s, {} }};
}

// Prevent ELF symbol qt_version_tag from being generated into the source
static const char includeQDebug[] =
"#ifndef QT_NO_VERSION_TAGGING\n"
"#  define QT_NO_VERSION_TAGGING\n"
"#endif\n"
"#include <QtCore/QDebug>\n";

static QString compilerOptionOptimize()
{
    static QString result;
    if (result.isEmpty()) {
        const auto optimizations = CppGenerator::optimizations();
        QTextStream str(&result);
        str << "#define PYSIDE6_COMOPT_FULLNAME "
            << (optimizations.testFlag(Generator::RemoveFullnameField) ? '1' : '0')
            << "\n#define PYSIDE6_COMOPT_COMPRESS "
            << (optimizations.testFlag(Generator::CompressSignatureStrings) ? '1' : '0')
            << "\n// TODO: #define PYSIDE6_COMOPT_FOLDING "
            << (optimizations.testFlag(Generator::FoldCommonTailCode) ? '1' : '0') << '\n';
    }
    return result;
}

static bool isStdSetterName(const QString &setterName, const QString &propertyName)
{
   return setterName.size() == propertyName.size() + 3
          && setterName.startsWith(u"set")
          && setterName.endsWith(QStringView{propertyName}.right(propertyName.size() - 1))
          && setterName.at(3) == propertyName.at(0).toUpper();
}

static QString buildPropertyString(const QPropertySpec &spec)
{
    QString text = u'"' + spec.name() + u':';

    if (spec.read() != spec.name())
        text += spec.read();

    if (!spec.write().isEmpty()) {
        text += u':';
        if (!isStdSetterName(spec.write(), spec.name()))
            text += spec.write();
    }

    text += u'"';
    return text;
}

static QString _plainName(const QString &s)
{
    auto cutPos = s.lastIndexOf(u"::"_s);
    return cutPos < 0 ? s : s.right(s.length() - (cutPos + 2));
}

/**********************************************************************
 *
 * Decision whether to use an IntEnum/IntFlag
 * ------------------------------------------
 *
 * Unfortunately, all attempts to drive this decision automagically
 * did not work out. We therefore compile a list in with known
 * IntEnum and IntFlag.
 */

/*
 * This function is now unused and replaced by TypeSystem::PythonEnumType
 */
#if 0
static QSet<QString> useIntSet()
{
    static const QSet<QString> result{
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtCore.QDataStream.Version"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtCore.QEvent.Type"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtCore.QLocale.FloatingPointPrecisionOption"_s,
        /* IntFlag */ u"PySide6.QtCore.QLocale.LanguageCodeType"_s,
        /* IntFlag */ u"PySide6.QtCore.QUrl.ComponentFormattingOption"_s,
        // note:  "QUrl::UrlFormattingOption" is set as IntFlag without flags
        /* IntFlag */ u"PySide6.QtCore.QUrl.UrlFormattingOption"_s,
        /* IntFlag */ u"PySide6.QtCore.Qt.AlignmentFlag"_s,
        /* IntFlag */ u"PySide6.QtCore.Qt.FocusPolicy"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtCore.Qt.GestureType"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtCore.Qt.ItemDataRole"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtCore.Qt.Key"_s,
        /*    Flag */ u"PySide6.QtCore.Qt.Modifier"_s,
        // note:  "Qt::TextFlag" is set as IntFlag without flags
        /* IntFlag */ u"PySide6.QtCore.Qt.TextFlag"_s,
        /* IntFlag */ u"PySide6.QtCore.Qt.WindowType"_s,
        // This is found in QtWidgets but should be in QtGui.
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtGui.QFileSystemModel.Roles"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtGui.QFont.Stretch"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtGui.QFont.Weight"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtGui.QTextDocument.ResourceType"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtGui.QTextFormat.FormatType"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtGui.QTextFormat.ObjectTypes"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtGui.QTextFormat.Property"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtWidgets.QDialog.DialogCode"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtWidgets.QFrame.Shadow"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtWidgets.QFrame.Shape"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem.ItemType"_s,
        /* IntFlag */ u"PySide6.QtWidgets.QMessageBox.StandardButton"_s,
        // note:  "QSizePolicy::PolicyFlag" is set as IntFlag without flags
        /* IntFlag */ u"PySide6.QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.PolicyFlag"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtWidgets.QStyle.ComplexControl"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtWidgets.QStyle.ContentsType"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtWidgets.QStyle.ControlElement"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtWidgets.QStyle.PixelMetric"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtWidgets.QStyle.PrimitiveElement"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtWidgets.QStyle.StandardPixmap"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtWidgets.QStyle.StyleHint"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtWidgets.QStyle.SubElement"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem.ItemType"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtWidgets.QTreeWidgetItem.ItemType"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtCharts.QBoxSet.ValuePositions"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtMultimedia.QMediaPlayer.Loops"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtQuick.QSGGeometry.DrawingMode"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtWebEngineCore.QWebEngineScript.ScriptWorldId"_s,
        // Added because it should really be used as number
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtCore.QMetaType.Type"_s,
        /* IntEnum */ u"PySide6.QtSerialPort.QSerialPort.BaudRate"_s,
    };
    return result;
}
#endif

static bool _shouldInheritInt(const AbstractMetaEnum &cppEnum)
{
    return !cppEnum.fullName().startsWith(u"PySide6."_s);
}

static QString BuildEnumFlagInfo(const AbstractMetaEnum &cppEnum)
{
    auto enumType = cppEnum.typeEntry();
    QString result = _plainName(enumType->name());
    auto flags = enumType->flags();
    auto decision = enumType->pythonEnumType();
    bool _int = _shouldInheritInt(cppEnum);
    bool _flag = bool(flags);

    if (decision != TypeSystem::PythonEnumType::Unspecified) {
        _int = decision == TypeSystem::PythonEnumType::IntEnum ||
               decision == TypeSystem::PythonEnumType::IntFlag;
        _flag = decision == TypeSystem::PythonEnumType::Flag ||
                decision == TypeSystem::PythonEnumType::IntFlag;
    }
    result += _flag ? (_int ? u":IntFlag"_s : u":Flag"_s)
                    : (_int ? u":IntEnum"_s : u":Enum"_s);
    if (flags)
        result += u':' + _plainName(flags->flagsName());
    return u'"' + result + u'"';
}

static void writePyGetSetDefEntry(TextStream &s, const QString &name,
                                  const QString &getFunc, const QString &setFunc, const QString &doc={})
{
    s << "{\"" << mangleName(name) << "\", " << getFunc << ", "
        << (setFunc.isEmpty() ? NULL_PTR : setFunc) << ", ";

    if (doc.isEmpty())
        s << "nullptr";
    else
        s << "\"" << doc << "\"";

    s << ", nullptr},\n";
}

static bool generateRichComparison(const GeneratorContext &c)
{
    const auto &metaClass = c.metaClass();
    if (c.forSmartPointer()) {
        auto te = std::static_pointer_cast<const SmartPointerTypeEntry>(metaClass->typeEntry());
        return te->smartPointerType() == TypeSystem::SmartPointerType::Shared;
    }

    return !metaClass->isNamespace() && metaClass->hasComparisonOperatorOverload();
}

void CppGenerator::generateIncludes(TextStream &s, const GeneratorContext &classContext,
                                    const IncludeGroupList &includes,
                                    const AbstractMetaClassCList &innerClasses) const
{
    const auto &metaClass = classContext.metaClass();

    // write license comment
    s << licenseComment() << '\n';

    const bool normalClass = !classContext.forSmartPointer();
    // Normally only required for classes for which we want to generate protected API,
    // but it needs to be generated into all files to ensure ODR for Unity builds.
    if (!avoidProtectedHack())
        s << HeaderGenerator::protectedHackDefine;

    QByteArrayList cppIncludes{"typeinfo", "iterator", // for containers
                               "cctype", "cstring",
                               "type_traits"}; // enum/underlying type
    // headers
    s << "// default includes\n";
    s << "#include <shiboken.h>\n#include <sbkpep.h>\n#include <sbkpepbuffer.h>\n";
    if (wrapperDiagnostics()) {
        s << "#include <helper.h>\n";
        cppIncludes << "iostream";
    }

    s << '\n' << compilerOptionOptimize() << '\n';
    if (normalClass && usePySideExtensions()) {
        s << includeQDebug;
        if (metaClass->hasToStringCapability())
            s << "#include <QtCore/QBuffer>\n";
        if (isQObject(metaClass)) {
            s << "#include <pysideqobject.h>\n"
                << "#include <pysidesignal.h>\n"
                << "#include <pysideproperty.h>\n"
                << "#include <signalmanager.h>\n"
                << "#include <pysidemetafunction.h>\n";
        }
        s << "#include <pysideqenum.h>\n"
            << "#include <pysideqmetatype.h>\n"
            << "#include <pysideutils.h>\n"
            << "#include <feature_select.h>\n"
            << "QT_WARNING_DISABLE_DEPRECATED\n\n";
    }

    // The multiple inheritance initialization function
    // needs the 'set' class from C++ STL.
    if (normalClass && getMultipleInheritingClass(metaClass) != nullptr)
        cppIncludes << "algorithm" << "set";
    if (normalClass && metaClass->generateExceptionHandling())
        cppIncludes << "exception";

    s << "\n// module include\n" << "#include \"" << getModuleHeaderFileName() << "\"\n";
    if (hasPrivateClasses())
        s << "#include \"" << getPrivateModuleHeaderFileName() << "\"\n";

    s << "\n// main header\n" << "#include \""
      << HeaderGenerator::headerFileNameForContext(classContext) << "\"\n";

    // Wrappers from which overrides are re-used.
    QSet<QString> wrapperIncludes;
    for (const auto &f : getReusedOverridenFunctions(metaClass))
        wrapperIncludes.insert(ShibokenGenerator::headerFileNameForClass(f->ownerClass()));
    if (!wrapperIncludes.isEmpty()) {
        s  << "\n// Wrappers providing overrides\n";
        for (const auto &wrapperInclude : std::as_const(wrapperIncludes))
            s << "#include \"" << wrapperInclude << "\"\n";
    }

    if (!innerClasses.isEmpty()) {
        s  << "\n// inner classes\n";
        for (const auto &innerClass : innerClasses) {
            GeneratorContext innerClassContext = contextForClass(innerClass);
            s << "#include \""
                << HeaderGenerator::headerFileNameForContext(innerClassContext) << "\"\n";
        }
    }

    if (avoidProtectedHack())
        s << baseWrapperIncludes(classContext);

    for (const auto &g : includes)
        s << g;

    // C++ includes
    std::sort(cppIncludes.begin(), cppIncludes.end());
    s << '\n';
    for (const auto &i : std::as_const(cppIncludes))
        s << "#include <" << i << ">\n";
}

// Write methods definition
void CppGenerator::writePyMethodDefs(TextStream &s, const QString &className,
                                     const QString &methodsDefinitions)
{
    s << "static PyMethodDef " << className << "_methods[] = {\n" << indent
        << methodsDefinitions << METHOD_DEF_SENTINEL << outdent << "};\n\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeModuleCodeSnips(TextStream &s, const CodeSnipList &codeSnips,
                                        TypeSystem::CodeSnipPosition position,
                                        TypeSystem::Language language) const
{
    if (!codeSnips.isEmpty()) {
        try {
            writeCodeSnips(s, codeSnips, position, language);
        } catch (const std::exception &e) {
            throw Exception(msgSnippetError("module source of "_L1 + moduleName(), e.what()));
        }
    }
}

bool CppGenerator::hasHashFunction(const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &c)
{
    return !c->typeEntry()->hashFunction().isEmpty()
           || c->hasHashFunction();
}

static bool needsTypeDiscoveryFunction(const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &c)
{
    return c->baseClass() != nullptr
           && (c->isPolymorphic() || !c->typeEntry()->polymorphicIdValue().isEmpty());
}

static void writeAddedTypeSignatures(TextStream &s, const ComplexTypeEntryCPtr &te)
{
    for (const auto &e : te->addedPyMethodDefEntrys()) {
        if (auto count = e.signatures.size()) {
            for (qsizetype i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
                if (count > 1)
                    s << i << ':';
                s << e.signatures.at(i) << '\n';
            }
        }
    }
}

// Print diagnostics/warnings about special types
static void warnAboutTypes(const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass)
{
    const auto typeEntry = metaClass->typeEntry();
    if (typeEntry->isValue()) {
        // Warn about special value types.
        if (!typeEntry->isDefaultConstructible()
            && typeEntry->defaultConstructibleFlag() == TypeSystem::DefaultConstructibleFlag::Unspecified) {
            ReportHandler::addGeneralMessage("Value type \""_L1 + typeEntry->qualifiedCppName()
                                             + "\" is not default constructible."_L1);
        }
        if (!typeEntry->isCopyable()
            && typeEntry->copyableFlag() == TypeSystem::CopyableFlag::Unspecified) {
            ReportHandler::addGeneralMessage("Value type \""_L1 + typeEntry->qualifiedCppName()
                                             + "\" is not copyable, std::move() will be used."_L1);
        }
    } else if (typeEntry->isObject())
        if (metaClass->isDefaultConstructible()
            && metaClass->isCopyConstructible() && !metaClass->isPolymorphic()
            && metaClass->baseClass() == nullptr) {
        qCWarning(lcShiboken, "Object type \"%s\" has default and copy constructors; consider using value-type.",
                  qPrintable(typeEntry->qualifiedCppName()));
    }
}

/// Function used to write the class generated binding code on the buffer
/// \param s the output buffer
/// \param classContext the pointer to metaclass information
void CppGenerator::generateClass(TextStream &s,
                                 const QString & /* targetDir */,
                                 const GeneratorContext &classContext,
                                 QList<GeneratorContext> *)
{
    s.setLanguage(TextStream::Language::Cpp);
    const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass = classContext.metaClass();
    const auto typeEntry = metaClass->typeEntry();

    warnAboutTypes(metaClass);

    auto innerClasses = metaClass->innerClasses();
    for (auto it = innerClasses.begin(); it != innerClasses.end(); ) {
        auto innerTypeEntry = (*it)->typeEntry();
        if (shouldGenerate(innerTypeEntry) && !innerTypeEntry->isSmartPointer())
            ++it;
        else
            it = innerClasses.erase(it);
    }

    AbstractMetaEnumList classEnums = metaClass->enums();
    metaClass->getEnumsFromInvisibleNamespacesToBeGenerated(&classEnums);

    IncludeGroupList includeGroups;
    if (!classContext.useWrapper() || !avoidProtectedHack())
        includeGroups.append(classIncludes(metaClass));
    generateIncludes(s, classContext, includeGroups, innerClasses);

    if (typeEntry->typeFlags().testFlag(ComplexTypeEntry::Deprecated))
        s << "#Deprecated\n";

    // Use class base namespace
    {
        AbstractMetaClassCPtr context = metaClass->enclosingClass();
        while (context) {
            if (context->isNamespace() && !context->enclosingClass()
                && std::static_pointer_cast<const NamespaceTypeEntry>(context->typeEntry())->generateUsing()) {
                s << "\nusing namespace " << context->qualifiedCppName() << ";\n";
                break;
            }
            context = context->enclosingClass();
        }
    }

    s  << '\n';

    writeClassTypeFunction(s, classContext.metaClass());

    // class inject-code native/beginning
    if (!typeEntry->codeSnips().isEmpty()) {
        writeClassCodeSnips(s, typeEntry->codeSnips(),
                            TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionBeginning, TypeSystem::NativeCode,
                            classContext);
        s << '\n';
    }

    // python conversion rules
    if (typeEntry->isValue()) {
        auto vte = std::static_pointer_cast<const ValueTypeEntry>(typeEntry);
        if (vte->hasTargetConversionRule()) {
            s << "// Python Conversion\n";
            s << vte->targetConversionRule() << '\n';
        }
    }

    if (classContext.useWrapper()) {
        s << "// Native ---------------------------------------------------------\n\n";

        if (avoidProtectedHack() && usePySideExtensions()) {
            s << "void " << classContext.wrapperName() << "::pysideInitQtMetaTypes()\n{\n"
                  << indent;
            writeInitQtMetaTypeFunctionBody(s, classContext);
            s << outdent << "}\n\n";
        }

        const auto &wrapperConstructors = ShibokenGenerator::getWrapperConstructors(metaClass);

        if (useOverrideCaching(classContext.metaClass()))
            writeCacheResetNative(s, classContext);
        for (const auto &func : wrapperConstructors)
            writeConstructorNative(s, classContext, func);
        int maxOverrides = 0;
        for (const auto &func : metaClass->functions()) {
            const auto generation = functionGeneration(func);
            if (generation.testFlag(FunctionGenerationFlag::VirtualMethod))
                writeVirtualMethodNative(s, func, maxOverrides++);
        }

        if (shouldGenerateMetaObjectFunctions(metaClass))
            writeMetaObjectMethod(s, classContext);
        if (!avoidProtectedHack() || !metaClass->hasPrivateDestructor())
            writeDestructorNative(s, classContext);
    }

    for (const auto &f : metaClass->userAddedPythonOverrides())
        writeUserAddedPythonOverride(s, f);

    StringStream smd(TextStream::Language::Cpp);
    StringStream md(TextStream::Language::Cpp);
    StringStream signatureStream(TextStream::Language::Cpp);

    s << openTargetExternC;

    const auto &constructors = getConstructors(metaClass);
    if (constructors.isEmpty()) {
        const char *errorFunc = classContext.metaClass()->isNamespace()
            ? "setInstantiateNamespace" : "setInstantiateNonConstructible";
        writeConstructorDummy(s, classContext, errorFunc);
    } else {
        OverloadData overloadData(constructors, api());
        writeConstructorWrapper(s, overloadData, classContext);
        // On constructors, we also generate the property initializers.
        writeSignatureInfo(signatureStream, overloadData, true);
    }

    const auto &functionGroups = getFunctionGroups(metaClass);
    for (auto it = functionGroups.cbegin(), end = functionGroups.cend(); it != end; ++it) {
        if (contains(sequenceProtocols(), it.key()) || contains(mappingProtocols(), it.key()))
            continue;
        const AbstractMetaFunctionCList &overloads = it.value();
        if (overloads.isEmpty())
            continue;

        const auto &rfunc = overloads.constFirst();
        OverloadData overloadData(overloads, api());

        // call operators
        if (rfunc->name() == u"operator()") {
            writeMethodWrapper(s, overloadData, classContext);
            writeSignatureInfo(signatureStream, overloadData);
        }
        else if (!rfunc->isOperatorOverload()) {
            writeMethodWrapper(s, overloadData, classContext);
            writeSignatureInfo(signatureStream, overloadData);
            // For a mixture of static and member function overloads,
            // a separate PyMethodDef entry is written which is referenced
            // in the PyMethodDef list and later in getattro() for handling
            // the non-static case.
            const auto defEntries = methodDefinitionEntries(overloadData);
            if (OverloadData::hasStaticAndInstanceFunctions(overloads)) {
                QString methDefName = cpythonMethodDefinitionName(rfunc);
                smd << "static PyMethodDef " << methDefName << " = " << indent
                    << defEntries.constFirst() << outdent << ";\n\n";
            }
            const auto &fname = rfunc->name();
            if (!m_tpFuncs.contains(fname) && !m_nbFuncs.contains(fname))
                md << defEntries;
        }
    }
    for (const auto &pyMethodDef : typeEntry->addedPyMethodDefEntrys())
        md << pyMethodDef << ",\n";

    if (typeEntry->isValue())
        writeCopyFunction(s, md, signatureStream, classContext);

    const QString methodsDefinitions = md.toString();
    const QString singleMethodDefinitions = smd.toString();

    const QString className = cpythonBaseName(metaClass);

    // Write single method definitions
    s << singleMethodDefinitions;

    if (usePySideExtensions()) {
        // PYSIDE-1019: Write a compressed list of all properties `name:getter[:setter]`.
        //              Default values are suppressed.
        QStringList sorter;
        for (const auto &spec : metaClass->propertySpecs()) {
            if (!spec.generateGetSetDef())
                sorter.append(buildPropertyString(spec));
        }
        sorter.sort();

        s << '\n';
        s << "static const char *" << className << "_PropertyStrings[] = {\n" << indent;
        for (const auto &entry : std::as_const(sorter))
            s << entry << ",\n";
        s << NULL_PTR << " // Sentinel\n"
            << outdent << "};\n\n";

    }
    // PYSIDE-1735: Write an EnumFlagInfo structure
    QStringList sorter;
    for (const auto &entry : std::as_const(classEnums))
        sorter.append(BuildEnumFlagInfo(entry));
    sorter.sort();
    if (!sorter.empty()) {
        s << "static const char *" << className << "_EnumFlagInfo[] = {\n" << indent;
        for (const auto &entry : std::as_const(sorter))
            s << entry << ",\n";
        s << NULL_PTR << " // Sentinel\n"
            << outdent << "};\n\n";
    }

    // Write methods definition
    writePyMethodDefs(s, className, methodsDefinitions);

    // Write tp_s/getattro function
    const AttroCheck attroCheck = checkAttroFunctionNeeds(metaClass);
    if ((attroCheck & AttroCheckFlag::GetattroMask) != 0)
        writeGetattroFunction(s, attroCheck, classContext);
    if ((attroCheck & AttroCheckFlag::SetattroMask) != 0)
        writeSetattroFunction(s, attroCheck, classContext);

    if (const auto f = boolCast(metaClass) ; f.has_value())
        writeNbBoolFunction(classContext, f.value(), s);

    if (supportsNumberProtocol(metaClass)) {
        const auto numberProtocolOps = numberProtocolOperators(metaClass);
        for (const auto &overloads : numberProtocolOps) {
            OverloadData overloadData(overloads, api());
            writeMethodWrapper(s, overloadData, classContext);
            writeSignatureInfo(signatureStream, overloadData);
        }
    }

    if (supportsSequenceProtocol(metaClass)) {
        writeSequenceMethods(s, metaClass, classContext);
    }

    if (supportsMappingProtocol(metaClass)) {
        writeMappingMethods(s, metaClass, classContext);
    }

    if (generateRichComparison(classContext)) {
        s << "// Rich comparison\n";
        writeRichCompareFunction(s, signatureStream, classContext);
    }

    if (shouldGenerateGetSetList(metaClass)) {
        const AbstractMetaFieldList &fields = metaClass->fields();
        for (const AbstractMetaField &metaField : fields) {
            if (metaField.canGenerateGetter())
                writeGetterFunction(s, metaField, classContext);
            if (metaField.canGenerateSetter())
                writeSetterFunction(s, metaField, classContext);
            s << '\n';
        }

        for (const QPropertySpec &property : metaClass->propertySpecs()) {
            if (property.generateGetSetDef() || !usePySideExtensions()) {
                writeGetterFunction(s, property, classContext);
                if (property.hasWrite())
                    writeSetterFunction(s, property, classContext);
            }
        }

        s << "// Getters and Setters for " << metaClass->name() << '\n';
        s << "static PyGetSetDef " << cpythonGettersSettersDefinitionName(metaClass)
            << "[] = {\n" << indent;
        for (const AbstractMetaField &metaField : fields) {
            const bool canGenerateGetter = metaField.canGenerateGetter();
            const bool canGenerateSetter = metaField.canGenerateSetter();
            if (canGenerateGetter || canGenerateSetter) {
                const QString getter = canGenerateGetter
                    ? cpythonGetterFunctionName(metaField) : QString();
                const QString setter = canGenerateSetter
                    ? cpythonSetterFunctionName(metaField) : QString();
                const auto names = metaField.definitionNames();
                const QString doc = metaField.type().pythonSignature();
                for (const auto &name : names)
                    writePyGetSetDefEntry(s, name, getter, setter, doc);
            }
        }

        for (const QPropertySpec &property : metaClass->propertySpecs()) {
            if (property.generateGetSetDef() || !usePySideExtensions()) {
                const QString setter = property.hasWrite()
                    ? cpythonSetterFunctionName(property, metaClass) : QString();
                writePyGetSetDefEntry(s, property.name(),
                                      cpythonGetterFunctionName(property, metaClass), setter);
            }
        }
        s << "{nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr} // Sentinel\n"
            << outdent << "};\n\n";
    }

    s << closeExternC;

    if (hasHashFunction(metaClass))
        writeHashFunction(s, signatureStream, classContext);

    // Write tp_traverse and tp_clear functions.
    writeTpTraverseFunction(s, metaClass);
    writeTpClearFunction(s, metaClass);

    writeClassDefinition(s, metaClass, classContext);
    s << '\n';

    if (needsTypeDiscoveryFunction(metaClass)) {
        writeTypeDiscoveryFunction(s, metaClass);
        s << '\n';
    }

    writeConverterFunctions(s, metaClass, classContext);
    writeAddedTypeSignatures(signatureStream, typeEntry);
    writeClassRegister(s, metaClass, classContext, signatureStream);

    if (metaClass->hasStaticFields())
        writeStaticFieldInitialization(s, metaClass);

    // class inject-code native/end
    if (!typeEntry->codeSnips().isEmpty()) {
        writeClassCodeSnips(s, typeEntry->codeSnips(),
                            TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionEnd, TypeSystem::NativeCode,
                            classContext);
        s << '\n';
    }
}

void CppGenerator::writeMethodWrapper(TextStream &s, TextStream &definitionStream,
                                      TextStream &signatureStream,
                                      const AbstractMetaFunctionCList &overloads,
                                      const GeneratorContext &classContext) const
{
    OverloadData overloadData(overloads, api());
    writeMethodWrapper(s, overloadData, classContext);
    writeSignatureInfo(signatureStream, overloadData);
    definitionStream << methodDefinitionEntries(overloadData);
}

void CppGenerator::writeCacheResetNative(TextStream &s, const GeneratorContext &classContext)
{
    s << "void " << classContext.wrapperName()
        << "::resetPyMethodCache()\n{\n" << indent
        << "std::fill(m_PyMethodCache.begin(), m_PyMethodCache.end(), nullptr);\n"
        << outdent << "}\n\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeConstructorNative(TextStream &s, const GeneratorContext &classContext,
                                          const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func) const
{
    s << functionSignature(func, classContext.wrapperName(), {},
                           OriginalTypeDescription | SkipDefaultValues);
    if (!func->arguments().isEmpty()) {
        s << " : ";
        writeFunctionCall(s, func);
    }
    s << "\n{\n" << indent;
    if (wrapperDiagnostics())
        s << R"(std::cerr << __FUNCTION__ << ' ' << this << '\n';)" << '\n';
    const AbstractMetaArgument *lastArg = func->arguments().isEmpty() ? nullptr : &func->arguments().constLast();
    const auto &codeSnips = func->injectedCodeSnips();
    if (!codeSnips.isEmpty()) {
        writeCodeSnips(s, codeSnips, TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionBeginning,
                       TypeSystem::NativeCode, func, false, lastArg);
        s << "// ... middle\n";
        writeCodeSnips(s, codeSnips, TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionEnd,
                       TypeSystem::NativeCode, func, false, lastArg);
    }
    s << outdent << "}\n\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeDestructorNative(TextStream &s,
                                         const GeneratorContext &classContext)
{
    s << classContext.wrapperName() << "::~"
        << classContext.wrapperName() << "()\n{\n" << indent;
    if (wrapperDiagnostics())
        s << R"(std::cerr << __FUNCTION__ << ' ' << this << '\n';)" << '\n';
    // kill pyobject
    s << "auto *wrapper = " << retrieveWrapper(classContext.metaClass())
      << ";\nShiboken::Object::destroy(wrapper, this);\n" << outdent << "}\n";
}

// Return type for error messages when getting invalid types from virtual
// methods implemented in Python in C++ wrappers
QString CppGenerator::getVirtualFunctionReturnTypeName(const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func) const
{
    if (func->type().isVoid())
        return u"\"\""_s;

    if (func->isTypeModified())
        return u'"' + func->modifiedTypeName() + u'"';

    // SbkType would return null when the type is a container.
    auto typeEntry = func->type().typeEntry();
    if (typeEntry->isContainer()) {
        const auto cte = std::static_pointer_cast<const ContainerTypeEntry>(typeEntry);
        switch (cte->containerKind()) {
        case ContainerTypeEntry::ListContainer:
        case ContainerTypeEntry::SpanContainer:
            break;
        case ContainerTypeEntry::SetContainer:
            return uR"("set")"_s;
            break;
        case ContainerTypeEntry::MapContainer:
        case ContainerTypeEntry::MultiMapContainer:
            return uR"("dict")"_s;
            break;
        case ContainerTypeEntry::PairContainer:
            return uR"("tuple")"_s;
            break;
        }
        return uR"("list")"_s;
    }
    if (typeEntry->isSmartPointer())
        return u'"' + typeEntry->qualifiedCppName() + u'"';

    if (avoidProtectedHack()) {
        auto metaEnum = api().findAbstractMetaEnum(func->type().typeEntry());
        if (metaEnum.has_value() && metaEnum->isProtected())
            return u'"' + protectedEnumSurrogateName(metaEnum.value()) + u'"';
    }

    if (func->type().isPrimitive())
        return u'"' + func->type().name() + u'"';

    return u"PepType_GetFullyQualifiedNameStr(Shiboken::SbkType< "_s
        + typeEntry->qualifiedCppName() + u" >())"_s;
}

void CppGenerator::writeVirtualMethodCppCall(TextStream &s,
                                             const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func,
                                             const QString &funcName,
                                             const CodeSnipList &snips,
                                             const AbstractMetaArgument *lastArg,
                                             const TypeEntryCPtr &retType,
                                             const QString &returnStatement,
                                             bool ownsGil, bool hasGilVar) const
{
    if (!snips.isEmpty()) {
        writeCodeSnips(s, snips, TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionBeginning,
                       TypeSystem::ShellCode, func, false, lastArg);
    }

    if (func->isAbstract()) {
        if (!ownsGil)
            s << (hasGilVar ? "gil.acquire();\n" : "Shiboken::GilState gil;\n");
        s << "Shiboken::Errors::setPureVirtualMethodError(\""
            << func->ownerClass()->name() << '.' << funcName << "\");\n"
            << returnStatement << '\n';
        return;
    }

    if (ownsGil)
        s << "gil.release();\n";

    if (retType)
        s << "return ";
    s << "this->::" << func->implementingClass()->qualifiedCppName() << "::";
    writeFunctionCall(s, func, Generator::VirtualCall);
    s << ";\n";
    if (retType)
        return;
    if (!snips.isEmpty()) {
        writeCodeSnips(s, snips, TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionEnd,
                       TypeSystem::ShellCode, func, false, lastArg);
    }
    s << "return;\n";
}

// Determine the return statement (void or a result value).

CppGenerator::VirtualMethodReturn
    CppGenerator::virtualMethodReturn(const ApiExtractorResult &api,
                                      const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func,
                                      const FunctionModificationList &functionModifications)
{
    VirtualMethodReturn result;
    if (func->isVoid()) {
        result.statement = "return;"_L1;
        return result;
    }

    result.statement = "return "_L1;
    const AbstractMetaType &returnType = func->type();
    for (const FunctionModification &mod : functionModifications) {
        for (const ArgumentModification &argMod : mod.argument_mods()) {
            if (argMod.index() == 0 && !argMod.replacedDefaultExpression().isEmpty()) {
                static const QRegularExpression regex("%(\\d+)"_L1);
                Q_ASSERT(regex.isValid());
                QString expr = argMod.replacedDefaultExpression();
                for (qsizetype offset = 0; ; ) {
                    const QRegularExpressionMatch match = regex.match(expr, offset);
                    if (!match.hasMatch())
                        break;
                    const int argId = match.capturedView(1).toInt() - 1;
                    if (argId < 0 || argId > func->arguments().size()) {
                        qCWarning(lcShiboken, "The expression used in return value contains an invalid index.");
                        break;
                    }
                    expr.replace(match.captured(0), func->arguments().at(argId).name());
                    offset = match.capturedStart(1);
                }
                DefaultValue defaultReturnExpr(DefaultValue::Custom, expr);
                result.statement += defaultReturnExpr.returnValue() + u';';
                return result;
            }
        }
    }
    QString errorMessage;
    const auto defaultReturnExpr = minimalConstructor(api, returnType, &errorMessage);
    if (!defaultReturnExpr.has_value()) {
        QString errorMsg = QLatin1StringView(__FUNCTION__) + u": "_s
                           + func->classQualifiedSignature();
        errorMsg = msgCouldNotFindMinimalConstructor(errorMsg,
                                                     func->type().cppSignature(),
                                                     errorMessage);
        throw Exception(errorMsg);
    }

    result.needsReference = returnType.referenceType() == LValueReference;
    result.statement += (result.needsReference
        ? virtualMethodStaticReturnVar : defaultReturnExpr->returnValue()) + u';';
    return result;
}

// Create an argument for Py_BuildValue() when writing virtual methods.
// Return a pair of (argument, format-char).
std::pair<QString, QChar> CppGenerator::virtualMethodNativeArg(const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func,
                                                               const AbstractMetaArgument &arg)
{
    if (func->hasConversionRule(TypeSystem::TargetLangCode, arg.argumentIndex() + 1))
        return {arg.name() + CONV_RULE_OUT_VAR_SUFFIX, u'N'};

    const auto &type = arg.type();
    auto argTypeEntry = type.typeEntry();
    // Check for primitive types convertible by Py_BuildValue()
    if (argTypeEntry->isPrimitive() && !type.isCString()) {
        auto it = formatUnits().constFind(type.basicPrimitiveName());
        if (it != formatUnits().constEnd())
            return {arg.name(), it.value()};
    }

    // Rest: convert
    StringStream ac(TextStream::Language::Cpp);
    writeToPythonConversion(ac, type, func->ownerClass(), arg.name());
    return {ac.toString(), u'N'};
}

static const char PYTHON_ARGS_ARRAY[] = "pyArgArray";

void CppGenerator::writeVirtualMethodNativeVectorCallArgs(TextStream &s,
                                                          const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func,
                                                          const AbstractMetaArgumentList &arguments,
                                                          const QList<int> &invalidateArgs)
{
    Q_ASSERT(!arguments.isEmpty());
    s << "PyObject *" << PYTHON_ARGS_ARRAY <<'[' << arguments.size() << "] = {\n" << indent;
    const qsizetype last = arguments.size() - 1;
    for (qsizetype i = 0; i <= last; ++i) {
        const AbstractMetaArgument &arg = arguments.at(i);
        if (func->hasConversionRule(TypeSystem::TargetLangCode, arg.argumentIndex() + 1)) {
            s << arg.name() + CONV_RULE_OUT_VAR_SUFFIX;
        } else {
            writeToPythonConversion(s, arg.type(), func->ownerClass(), arg.name());
        }
        if (i < last)
            s << ',';
        s << '\n';
    }
    s << outdent << "};\n";

    if (!invalidateArgs.isEmpty())
        s << '\n';
    for (int index : invalidateArgs) {
        s << "const bool invalidateArg" << index << " = Py_REFCNT(" << PYTHON_ARGS_ARRAY <<
          '[' << index - 1 << "]) == 1;\n";
    }
}

void CppGenerator::writeVirtualMethodNativeArgs(TextStream &s,
                                                const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func,
                                                const AbstractMetaArgumentList &arguments,
                                                const QList<int> &invalidateArgs)
{
    s << "Shiboken::AutoDecRef " << PYTHON_ARGS << '(';
    if (arguments.isEmpty()) {
        s << "PyTuple_New(0));\n";
        return;
    }

    QString format;
    QStringList argConversions;
    for (const AbstractMetaArgument &arg : arguments) {
        auto argPair = virtualMethodNativeArg(func, arg);
        argConversions.append(argPair.first);
        format += argPair.second;
    }

    s << "Py_BuildValue(\"(" << format << ")\",\n"
        << indent << argConversions.join(u",\n"_s) << outdent << "\n));\n";

    for (int index : std::as_const(invalidateArgs)) {
        s << "bool invalidateArg" << index << " = Py_REFCNT(PyTuple_GetItem(" << PYTHON_ARGS
            << ", " << index - 1 << ")) == 1;\n";
    }
}

static bool isArgumentNotRemoved(const AbstractMetaArgument &a)
{
    return !a.isModifiedRemoved();
}

// PyObject_Vectorcall(): since 3.9
static const char vectorCallCondition[] =
    "#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION) && !defined(Py_LIMITED_API)\n";

// PyObject_CallNoArgs(): since 3.9, stable API since 3.10
static const char noArgsCallCondition[] =
    "#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION) && ((defined(Py_LIMITED_API) && Py_LIMITED_API >= 0x030A0000) || !defined(Py_LIMITED_API))\n";
static const char inverseNoArgsCallCondition[] =
    "#if defined(PYPY_VERSION) || (defined(Py_LIMITED_API) && Py_LIMITED_API < 0x030A0000)\n";

static inline void writeVirtualMethodStaticReturnVar(TextStream &s, const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func)
{
    s << "static " << func->type().typeEntry()->qualifiedCppName() << ' '
        << virtualMethodStaticReturnVar << ";\n";
}

static void writeFuncNameVar(TextStream &s, const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func,
                             const QString &funcName)
{
    // PYSIDE-1019: Add info about properties
    int propFlag = 0;
    if (func->isPropertyReader())
        propFlag |= 1;
    if (func->isPropertyWriter())
        propFlag |= 2;
    if (propFlag && func->isStatic())
        propFlag |= 4;
    QString propStr;
    if (propFlag != 90)
        propStr = QString::number(propFlag) + u':';

    if (propFlag != 0)
        s << "// This method belongs to a property.\n";
    s << "static const char *funcName = \"";
    if (propFlag != 0)
        s << propFlag << ':';
    s << funcName << "\";\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeVirtualMethodNative(TextStream &s,
                                            const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func,
                                            int cacheIndex) const
{
    TypeEntryCPtr retType = func->type().typeEntry();
    const QString funcName = func->isOperatorOverload()
        ? pythonOperatorFunctionName(func) : func->definitionNames().constFirst();

    auto owner = func->ownerClass();
    QString className = wrapperName(owner);
    const Options options = Generator::SkipDefaultValues | Generator::OriginalTypeDescription;
    s << functionSignature(func, className, {}, options)
      << "\n{\n" << indent;

    const auto returnStatement = virtualMethodReturn(api(), func,
                                                     func->modifications());

    if (returnStatement.needsReference)
        writeVirtualMethodStaticReturnVar(s, func);

    const bool isAbstract = func->isAbstract();
    if (isAbstract && func->isModifiedRemoved()) {
        qCWarning(lcShiboken, "%s", qPrintable(msgPureVirtualFunctionRemoved(func.get())));
        s << returnStatement.statement << '\n' << outdent << "}\n\n";
        return;
    }

    const CodeSnipList snips = func->hasInjectedCode()
        ? func->injectedCodeSnips() : CodeSnipList();
    const AbstractMetaArgument *lastArg = func->arguments().isEmpty()
        ?  nullptr : &func->arguments().constLast();

    // Write declaration/native injected code.
    if (!snips.isEmpty()) {
        writeCodeSnips(s, snips, TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionDeclaration,
                       TypeSystem::ShellCode, func, false, lastArg);
    }

    if (wrapperDiagnostics()) {
        s << "std::cerr << ";
#ifndef Q_CC_MSVC // g++ outputs __FUNCTION__ unqualified
        s << '"' << className << R"(::" << )";
#endif
        s  << R"(__FUNCTION__ << ' ' << this << " m_PyMethodCache[" << )"
           << cacheIndex << R"( << "]=" << m_PyMethodCache[)" << cacheIndex
           << R"(] << '\n';)" << '\n';
    }
    writeFuncNameVar(s, func, funcName);
    s << "static PyObject *nameCache[2] = {};\n"
      << "Shiboken::GilState gil(false);\n"
      << "Shiboken::AutoDecRef " << PYTHON_OVERRIDE_VAR << "(Sbk_GetPyOverride("
      << "this, " << CppGenerator::cpythonTypeName(owner) << ", gil, funcName, m_PyMethodCache["
      << cacheIndex << "], nameCache));\n"
      << "if (pyOverride.isNull()) {\n" << indent;
    writeVirtualMethodCppCall(s, func, funcName, snips, lastArg, retType,
                              returnStatement.statement, false, true);
    s << outdent << "}\n";
    if (!snips.isEmpty()) {
        writeCodeSnips(s, snips, TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionPyOverride,
                       TypeSystem::ShellCode, func, false, lastArg);
    }

    // Call the (static) Python override implementation
    if (!func->isVoid())
        s << "return ";

    const auto &reusedFuncs = getReusedOverridenFunctions(owner);
    auto rit = reusedFuncs.constFind(func);
    const bool canReuse = rit != reusedFuncs.cend();
    if (canReuse) {
        s << wrapperName(rit.value()->ownerClass()) << "::"
            << pythonOverrideImplName(rit.value());
    } else {
        s << pythonOverrideImplName(func);
    }
    s << "(\"" << owner->name()
        << "\", funcName, gil, " << PYTHON_OVERRIDE_VAR;
    for (const auto &arg : func->arguments())
        s << ", " << (arg.type().useStdMove() ? stdMove(arg.name()) : arg.name());
    s << ");\n" << outdent << "}\n\n";

    if (canReuse)
        return;
    // Write Python override implementation definition
    s << functionSignature(func, className, {}, options | PythonOverrideImplementation)
        << "\n{\n" << indent
        << sbkUnusedVariableCast("ownerClassName") << sbkUnusedVariableCast("funcName")
        << sbkUnusedVariableCast("gil") << sbkUnusedVariableCast(PYTHON_OVERRIDE_VAR);
    if (returnStatement.needsReference)
        writeVirtualMethodStaticReturnVar(s, func);
    writeVirtualMethodPythonOverride(s, func, snips, returnStatement);
}
void CppGenerator::writeVirtualMethodPythonOverride(TextStream &s,
                                                    const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func,
                                                    const CodeSnipList &snips,
                                                    const VirtualMethodReturn &returnStatement) const
{
    writeConversionRule(s, func, TypeSystem::TargetLangCode, false);

    bool invalidateReturn = false;
    QList<int> invalidateArgs;
    for (const FunctionModification &funcMod : func->modifications()) {
        for (const ArgumentModification &argMod : funcMod.argument_mods()) {
            const int index = argMod.index();
            if (index == 0) {
                if (argMod.targetOwnerShip() == TypeSystem::CppOwnership)
                    invalidateReturn = true;
            } else {
                const int actualIndex = func->actualArgumentIndex(index - 1) + 1;
                if (argMod.resetAfterUse() && !invalidateArgs.contains(actualIndex))
                    invalidateArgs.append(actualIndex);
            }
        }
    }
    std::sort(invalidateArgs.begin(), invalidateArgs.end());

    auto arguments = func->arguments();
    auto removedEnd = std::stable_partition(arguments.begin(), arguments.end(),
                                            isArgumentNotRemoved);
    if (func->isAbstract()) { // Base function is not called, indicate unused arguments.
        for (auto it = removedEnd; it != arguments.end(); ++it)
            s << sbkUnusedVariableCast(it->name());
    }
    arguments.erase(removedEnd, arguments.end());

    // FIXME PYSIDE-7: new functions PyObject_Vectorcall() (since 3.9) and
    // PyObject_CallNoArgs() (since 3.9, stable API since 3.10) might have
    // become part of the stable API?

    // Code snips might expect the args tuple, don't generate new code
    const bool generateNewCall = snips.isEmpty();
    const qsizetype argCount = arguments.size();
    const char *newCallCondition = argCount == 0 ? noArgsCallCondition : vectorCallCondition;
    if (generateNewCall) {
        if (argCount > 0) {
            s << newCallCondition;
            writeVirtualMethodNativeVectorCallArgs(s, func, arguments, invalidateArgs);
            s << "#else\n";
        } else {
            s << inverseNoArgsCallCondition;
        }
    }
    writeVirtualMethodNativeArgs(s, func, arguments, invalidateArgs);
    if (generateNewCall)
        s << "#endif\n";
    s << '\n';

    if (!snips.isEmpty()) {
        if (func->injectedCodeUsesPySelf())
            s << "PyObject *pySelf = " << retrieveWrapper(func->ownerClass()) << ";\n";

        const AbstractMetaArgument *lastArg = func->arguments().isEmpty()
                                            ? nullptr : &func->arguments().constLast();
        writeCodeSnips(s, snips, TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionBeginning,
                       TypeSystem::NativeCode, func, false, lastArg);
    }

    qsizetype returnIndirections = 0;

    if (!func->injectedCodeCallsPythonOverride()) {
        if (generateNewCall) {
            s << newCallCondition << "Shiboken::AutoDecRef " << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << '(';
            if (argCount > 0) {
                s << "PyObject_Vectorcall(" << PYTHON_OVERRIDE_VAR << ", "
                    << PYTHON_ARGS_ARRAY << ", " << argCount << ", nullptr));\n";
                for (int argIndex : std::as_const(invalidateArgs)) {
                    s << "if (invalidateArg" << argIndex << ")\n" << indent
                        << "Shiboken::Object::invalidate(" << PYTHON_ARGS_ARRAY
                        << '[' << (argIndex - 1) << "]);\n" << outdent;
                    }
                for (qsizetype i = 0, size = arguments.size(); i < size; ++i)
                    s << "Py_DECREF(" << PYTHON_ARGS_ARRAY << '[' << i << "]);\n";
            } else {
                s << "PyObject_CallNoArgs(" << PYTHON_OVERRIDE_VAR << "));\n";
            }
            s << "#else\n";
        }
        s << "Shiboken::AutoDecRef " << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << "(PyObject_Call("
            << PYTHON_OVERRIDE_VAR << ", " << PYTHON_ARGS << ", nullptr));\n";

        for (int argIndex : std::as_const(invalidateArgs)) {
            s << "if (invalidateArg" << argIndex << ")\n" << indent
                << "Shiboken::Object::invalidate(PyTuple_GetItem(" << PYTHON_ARGS
                << ", " << (argIndex - 1) << "));\n" << outdent;
        }
        if (generateNewCall)
            s << "#endif\n";

        s << "if (" << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << ".isNull()) {\n" << indent
            << "// An error happened in python code!\n"
            << "Shiboken::Errors::storePythonOverrideErrorOrPrint(ownerClassName, funcName);\n"
            << returnStatement.statement << "\n" << outdent
        << "}\n";

        if (invalidateReturn) {
            s << "bool invalidateArg0 = Py_REFCNT(" << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << ") == 1;\n"
                << "if (invalidateArg0)\n" << indent
                << "Shiboken::Object::releaseOwnership(" << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR
                << ".object());\n" << outdent;
        }

        if (!func->isVoid()) {

            if (func->modifiedTypeName() != cPyObjectT) {

                s << "// Check return type\n";

                if (!func->isTypeModified()) {

                    s << PYTHON_TO_CPPCONVERSION_STRUCT << ' '
                    << PYTHON_TO_CPP_VAR << " =\n" << indent
                        << cpythonIsConvertibleFunction(func->type())
                        << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << ");\n" << outdent
                    << "if (!" << PYTHON_TO_CPP_VAR << ") {\n" << indent
                        << "Shiboken::Warnings::warnInvalidReturnValue(ownerClassName, funcName, "
                        << getVirtualFunctionReturnTypeName(func) << ", "
                        << "Py_TYPE(" << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << ")->tp_name);\n"
                        << returnStatement.statement << '\n' << outdent
                    << "}\n";

                } else {

                    s << "bool typeIsValid = ";
                    if (func->isTypeModified()) {
                        writeTypeCheck(s, func->modifiedTypeName(), PYTHON_RETURN_VAR);
                    } else {
                        const bool numberType = isNumber(func->type().typeEntry());
                        writeTypeCheck(s, func->type(), PYTHON_RETURN_VAR, numberType);
                    }

                    s << ";\n";
                    s << "if (!typeIsValid";
                    if (func->type().isPointerToWrapperType())
                        s << " && " << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << " != Py_None";
                    s << ") {\n" << indent
                        << "Shiboken::Warnings::warnInvalidReturnValue(ownerClassName, funcName, "
                        << getVirtualFunctionReturnTypeName(func) << ", "
                        << "Py_TYPE(" << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << ")->tp_name);\n"
                        << returnStatement.statement << '\n' << outdent
                    << "}\n";

                }
            }

            if (func->hasConversionRule(TypeSystem::NativeCode, 0)) {
                writeConversionRule(s, func, TypeSystem::NativeCode, CPP_RETURN_VAR);
            } else if (!func->injectedCodeHasReturnValueAttribution(TypeSystem::NativeCode)) {
                returnIndirections = writePythonToCppTypeConversion(
                    s, func->type(), PYTHON_RETURN_VAR,
                    CPP_RETURN_VAR, func->implementingClass(), {});
            }
        }
    }

    for (const FunctionModification &funcMod : func->modifications()) {
        for (const ArgumentModification &argMod : funcMod.argument_mods()) {
            if (argMod.index() == 0
                && argMod.nativeOwnership() == TypeSystem::CppOwnership) {
                s << "if (Shiboken::Object::checkType(" << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << "))\n" << indent
                    << "Shiboken::Object::releaseOwnership(" << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << ");\n"
                    << outdent;
            }
        }
    }

    if (func->hasInjectedCode()) {
        s << '\n';
        const AbstractMetaArgument *lastArg = func->arguments().isEmpty()
                        ? nullptr : &func->arguments().constLast();
        writeCodeSnips(s, snips, TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionEnd,
                       TypeSystem::NativeCode, func, false, lastArg);
    }

    if (!func->isVoid()) {
        s << "return ";
        TypeEntryCPtr retType = func->type().typeEntry();
        if (avoidProtectedHack() && retType->isEnum()) {
            auto metaEnum = api().findAbstractMetaEnum(retType);
            bool isProtectedEnum = metaEnum.has_value() && metaEnum->isProtected();
            if (isProtectedEnum) {
                QString typeCast;
                if (metaEnum->enclosingClass())
                    typeCast += getFullTypeName(metaEnum->enclosingClass());
                typeCast += u"::"_s + metaEnum->name();
                s << '(' << typeCast << ')';
            }
        }

        if (returnIndirections > 0)
            s << QByteArray(returnIndirections, '*');
        s << CPP_RETURN_VAR << ";\n";
    }

    s << outdent << "}\n\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeUserAddedPythonOverride(TextStream &s,
                                                const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func) const
{
    TypeEntryCPtr retType = func->type().typeEntry();
    const QString funcName = func->isOperatorOverload()
        ? pythonOperatorFunctionName(func) : func->definitionNames().constFirst();

    const CodeSnipList snips = func->hasInjectedCode()
        ? func->injectedCodeSnips() : CodeSnipList();

    s << '\n' << functionSignature(func, wrapperName(func->ownerClass()), {},
                                   Generator::SkipDefaultValues |
                                   Generator::OriginalTypeDescription)
      << "\n{\n" << indent << sbkUnusedVariableCast("gil");

    writeFuncNameVar(s, func, funcName);
    s << "const char ownerClassName[] = \"" << func->ownerClass()->name() << "\";\n";
    const auto returnStatement = virtualMethodReturn(api(), func,
                                                     func->modifications());
    writeVirtualMethodPythonOverride(s, func, snips, returnStatement);
}

void CppGenerator::writeMetaObjectMethod(TextStream &s,
                                         const GeneratorContext &classContext) const
{

    const QString wrapperClassName = classContext.wrapperName();
    const QString qualifiedCppName = classContext.metaClass()->qualifiedCppName();
    s << "const QMetaObject *" << wrapperClassName << "::metaObject() const\n{\n";
    s << indent << "if (QObject::d_ptr->metaObject != nullptr)\n"
        << indent << "return QObject::d_ptr->dynamicMetaObject();\n" << outdent
        << "SbkObject *pySelf = Shiboken::BindingManager::instance().retrieveWrapper(this);\n"
        << "if (pySelf == nullptr)\n"
        << indent << "return " << qualifiedCppName << "::metaObject();\n" << outdent
        << "return PySide::SignalManager::retrieveMetaObject("
                "reinterpret_cast<PyObject *>(pySelf));\n"
        << outdent << "}\n\n";

    // qt_metacall function
    s << "int " << wrapperClassName
        << "::qt_metacall(QMetaObject::Call call, int id, void **args)\n";
    s << "{\n" << indent;

    const auto list = classContext.metaClass()->queryFunctionsByName(u"qt_metacall"_s);

    CodeSnipList snips;
    if (list.size() == 1) {
        const auto &func = list.constFirst();
        snips = func->injectedCodeSnips();
        if (func->isUserAdded()) {
            CodeSnipList snips = func->injectedCodeSnips();
            const bool usePyArgs = pythonFunctionWrapperUsesListOfArguments(func);
            writeCodeSnips(s, snips, TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionAny,
                           TypeSystem::NativeCode, func, usePyArgs, nullptr);
        }
    }

    s << "int result = " << qualifiedCppName << "::qt_metacall(call, id, args);\n"
        << "return result < 0 ? result : PySide::SignalManager::qt_metacall("
                "this, call, id, args);\n"
        << outdent << "}\n\n";

    // qt_metacast function
    writeMetaCast(s, classContext);
}

void CppGenerator::writeMetaCast(TextStream &s,
                                 const GeneratorContext &classContext)
{
    const QString wrapperClassName = classContext.wrapperName();
    const QString qualifiedCppName = classContext.metaClass()->qualifiedCppName();
    s << "void *" << wrapperClassName << "::qt_metacast(const char *_clname)\n{\n"
        << indent << "if (_clname == nullptr)\n" << indent << "return {};\n" << outdent
        << "if (SbkObject *pySelf = Shiboken::BindingManager::instance().retrieveWrapper(this)) {\n" << indent
        << "auto *obSelf = reinterpret_cast<PyObject *>(pySelf);\n"
        << "if (PySide::inherits(Py_TYPE(obSelf), _clname))\n"
        << indent << "return static_cast<void *>(const_cast< "
        << wrapperClassName << " *>(this));\n" << outdent << outdent << "}\n"
        << "return " << qualifiedCppName << "::qt_metacast(_clname);\n"
        << outdent << "}\n\n";
}

static void generateDeprecatedValueWarnings(TextStream &c,
                                            const AbstractMetaEnum &metaEnum,
                                            bool useSurrogateName)
{
    EnumTypeEntryCPtr enumType = metaEnum.typeEntry();
    const QString prefix = enumType->qualifiedCppName() + u"::"_s;
    c << "switch (value) {\n";
    const auto &deprecatedValues = metaEnum.deprecatedValues();
    for (const auto &v : deprecatedValues) {
        c << "case ";
        if (useSurrogateName)
            c << v.value().toString(); // Protected, use int representation
        else
            c << prefix << v.name();
        c << ":\n" << indent
            << "Shiboken::Warnings::warnDeprecatedEnumValue(\"" << enumType->name()
            << "\", \"" << v.name() << "\");\nbreak;\n" << outdent;
    }
    if (deprecatedValues.size() < metaEnum.values().size())
        c << "default:\n" << indent << "break;\n" << outdent;
    c << "}\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeEnumConverterFunctions(TextStream &s, const AbstractMetaEnum &metaEnum) const
{
    if (metaEnum.isPrivate() || metaEnum.isAnonymous())
        return;
    EnumTypeEntryCPtr enumType = metaEnum.typeEntry();
    Q_ASSERT(enumType);
    QString typeName = fixedCppTypeName(enumType);
    QString enumPythonType = cpythonTypeNameExt(enumType);
    const bool useSurrogateName = avoidProtectedHack() && metaEnum.isProtected();
    QString cppTypeName = useSurrogateName
        ? protectedEnumSurrogateName(metaEnum) : getFullTypeName(enumType).trimmed();

    StringStream c(TextStream::Language::Cpp);
    if (metaEnum.isDeprecated())
        c << "Shiboken::Warnings::warnDeprecatedEnum(\"" << enumType->name() << "\");\n";

    c << "const auto value = static_cast<" << cppTypeName
        << ">(Shiboken::Enum::getValue(pyIn));\n";

    // Warn about deprecated values unless it is protected+scoped (inaccessible values)
    const bool valuesAcccessible = !useSurrogateName || metaEnum.enumKind() != EnumClass;
    if (valuesAcccessible && metaEnum.hasDeprecatedValues())
        generateDeprecatedValueWarnings(c, metaEnum, useSurrogateName);

    c << "*reinterpret_cast<" << cppTypeName << " *>(cppOut) = value;\n";

    ConfigurableScope configScope(s, enumType);
    writePythonToCppFunction(s, c.toString(), enumConverterPythonType, typeName);

    QString pyTypeCheck = u"PyObject_TypeCheck(pyIn, "_s + enumPythonType + u')';
    switch (metaEnum.typeEntry()->aliasMode()) {
    case EnumTypeEntry::NoAlias:
        break;
    case EnumTypeEntry::AliasSource:
    case EnumTypeEntry::AliasTarget: {
        const QString &aliasSourceType = cpythonTypeNameExt(metaEnum.typeEntry()->aliasTypeEntry());
        pyTypeCheck += "\n    || PyObject_TypeCheck(pyIn, "_L1 + aliasSourceType + u')';
    }
        break;
    }

    writeIsPythonConvertibleToCppFunction(s, enumConverterPythonType, typeName, pyTypeCheck);

    c.clear();

    c << "using IntType = std::underlying_type_t<" << cppTypeName << ">;\n"
         "const auto castCppIn = IntType(*reinterpret_cast<const "
        << cppTypeName << " *>(cppIn));\n" << "return "
        << "Shiboken::Enum::newItem(pyType, castCppIn);\n";
    s << '\n';
    writeCppToPythonFunction(s, c.toString(), typeName, enumConverterPythonType, true);
    s << '\n';

    auto flags = enumType->flags();
    if (!flags)
        return;
    QString flagsType = "QFlags<"_L1 + cppTypeName + u'>';

    c.clear();
    c << "const auto value = "<< flagsType << "::fromInt(Shiboken::Enum::getValue(pyIn));\n"
        << "*reinterpret_cast<" << flagsType << " *>(cppOut) = value;\n";
    writePythonToCppFunction(s, c.toString(), flagsConverterPythonType, typeName);

    c.clear();
    c << "const auto flags = *reinterpret_cast<const " << flagsType
        << " *>(cppIn);\n"
        << "return Shiboken::Enum::newItem(" << enumPythonType << ", flags.toInt());\n";
    s << '\n';
    writeCppToPythonFunction(s, c.toString(), typeName, flagsConverterPythonType);
    s << '\n';
}

static void writePointerToPythonConverter(TextStream &c,
                                          const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass,
                                          const QString &typeName,
                                          const QString &cpythonType)
{
    c << "auto *pyOut = reinterpret_cast<PyObject *>(" << retrieveWrapper(metaClass, "cppIn") << ");\n"
        << "if (pyOut) {\n" << indent
        << "Py_INCREF(pyOut);\nreturn pyOut;\n" << outdent
        << "}\n";

    const QString nameFunc = metaClass->typeEntry()->polymorphicNameFunction();
    if (nameFunc.isEmpty() && !metaClass->hasVirtualDestructor()) {
        c << "return Shiboken::Object::newObjectWithHeuristics("
            << cpythonType << ", const_cast<void *>(cppIn), false);\n";
        return;
    }

    c   << "auto *tCppIn = reinterpret_cast<const " << typeName << R"( *>(cppIn);
const char *typeName = )";
    if (nameFunc.isEmpty())
        c << "typeid(*tCppIn).name();\n";
    else
        c << nameFunc << "(tCppIn);\n";
    c << "return Shiboken::Object::newObjectForPointer("
        << cpythonType << ", const_cast<void *>(cppIn), false, typeName);\n";
}

// Either copy or generate a special converter using std::move for std::unique_ptr
static bool hasCopyConverter(const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass)
{
    const auto &te = metaClass->typeEntry();
    return !te->isObject() && (te->isCopyable() || te->isMovable());
}

void CppGenerator::writeConverterFunctions(TextStream &s, const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass,
                                           const GeneratorContext &classContext) const
{
    s << "// Type conversion functions.\n\n";

    AbstractMetaEnumList classEnums = metaClass->enums();
    auto typeEntry = metaClass->typeEntry();
    metaClass->getEnumsFromInvisibleNamespacesToBeGenerated(&classEnums);
    if (!classEnums.isEmpty())
        s << "// Python to C++ enum conversion.\n";
    for (const AbstractMetaEnum &metaEnum : std::as_const(classEnums))
        writeEnumConverterFunctions(s, metaEnum);

    if (metaClass->isNamespace())
        return;

    QString typeName;
    if (!classContext.forSmartPointer())
        typeName = getFullTypeName(metaClass);
    else
        typeName = getFullTypeName(classContext.preciseType());

    QString cpythonType = cpythonTypeName(metaClass);

    // Returns the C++ pointer of the Python wrapper.
    s << "// Python to C++ pointer conversion - returns the C++ object of the Python wrapper (keeps object identity).\n";

    QString sourceTypeName = metaClass->name();
    QString targetTypeName = metaClass->name() + u"_PTR"_s;
    StringStream c(TextStream::Language::Cpp);
    c << "Shiboken::Conversions::pythonToCppPointer(" << cpythonType << ", pyIn, cppOut);";
    writePythonToCppFunction(s, c.toString(), sourceTypeName, targetTypeName);

    // "Is convertible" function for the Python object to C++ pointer conversion.
    const QString pyTypeCheck = u"PyObject_TypeCheck(pyIn, "_s + cpythonType + u")"_s;
    writeIsPythonConvertibleToCppFunction(s, sourceTypeName, targetTypeName, pyTypeCheck, QString(), true);
    s << '\n';

    // C++ pointer to a Python wrapper, keeping identity.
    s << "// C++ to Python pointer conversion - tries to find the Python wrapper for the C++ object (keeps object identity).\n";
    c.clear();
    if (usePySideExtensions() && isQObject(metaClass)) {
        c << "return PySide::getWrapperForQObject(reinterpret_cast<"
            << typeName << " *>(const_cast<void *>(cppIn)), " << cpythonType << ");\n";
    } else {
        writePointerToPythonConverter(c, metaClass, typeName, cpythonType);
    }
    std::swap(targetTypeName, sourceTypeName);
    writeCppToPythonFunction(s, c.toString(), sourceTypeName, targetTypeName);

    // The conversions for an Object Type end here.
    if (!hasCopyConverter(metaClass)) {
        s << '\n';
        return;
    }

    // Always copies C++ value (not pointer, and not reference) to a new Python wrapper.
    s  << '\n' << "// C++ to Python copy conversion.\n";
    targetTypeName = metaClass->name();

    sourceTypeName = targetTypeName + u"_COPY"_s;

    c.clear();

    const bool needsMove =  metaClass->typeEntry()->isMoveOnlyType();
    if (needsMove) {
        c << "auto *source = reinterpret_cast<" << typeName
            << " *>(const_cast<void *>(cppIn));\n";
    } else {
        c << "auto *source = reinterpret_cast<const " << typeName << " *>(cppIn);\n";
    }
    c << "return Shiboken::Object::newObject(" << cpythonType
        << ", new " << globalScopePrefix(classContext) << classContext.effectiveClassName() << '('
        << (needsMove ? "std::move(*source)" : "*source")
        << "), true, true);";
    writeCppToPythonFunction(s, c.toString(), sourceTypeName, targetTypeName);
    s << '\n';

    // Python to C++ copy conversion.
    s << "// Python to C++ copy conversion.\n";
    sourceTypeName = metaClass->name();

    targetTypeName = sourceTypeName + "_COPY"_L1;
    c.clear();

    QString pyInVariable = u"pyIn"_s;
    const QString outPtr = u"reinterpret_cast<"_s + typeName + u" *>(cppOut)"_s;
    if (!classContext.forSmartPointer()) {
        QString value = u'*' + cpythonWrapperCPtr(typeEntry, pyInVariable);
        c << '*' << outPtr << " = " << (needsMove ? stdMove(value) : value) << ';';
    } else {
        auto ste = std::static_pointer_cast<const SmartPointerTypeEntry>(typeEntry);
        const QString resetMethod = ste->resetMethod();
        c << "auto *ptr = " << outPtr << ";\n";
        c << "if (" << pyInVariable << " == Py_None)\n" << indent;
        if (resetMethod.isEmpty())
            c << "*ptr = {};\n";
        else
            c << "ptr->" << resetMethod << "();\n";
        const QString value = u'*' + cpythonWrapperCPtr(classContext.preciseType(), pyInVariable);
        c << outdent << "else\n" << indent
            << "*ptr = " << (needsMove ? stdMove(value) : value) << ';';
    }

    writePythonToCppFunction(s, c.toString(), sourceTypeName, targetTypeName);

    // "Is convertible" function for the Python object to C++ value copy conversion.
    QString copyTypeCheck = pyTypeCheck;
    if (classContext.forSmartPointer())
        copyTypeCheck.prepend(pyInVariable + u" == Py_None || "_s);
    writeIsPythonConvertibleToCppFunction(s, sourceTypeName, targetTypeName, copyTypeCheck);
    s << '\n';

    // User provided implicit conversions.
    // Implicit conversions.
    const AbstractMetaFunctionCList implicitConvs = implicitConversions(typeEntry);

    if (!implicitConvs.isEmpty())
        s << "// Implicit conversions.\n";

    AbstractMetaType targetType = AbstractMetaType::fromAbstractMetaClass(metaClass);
    for (const auto &conv : std::as_const(implicitConvs)) {
        if (conv->isModifiedRemoved())
            continue;

        QString typeCheck;
        QString toCppConv;
        QString toCppPreConv;
        if (conv->isConversionOperator()) {
            const auto sourceClass = conv->ownerClass();
            typeCheck = u"PyObject_TypeCheck(pyIn, "_s
                        + cpythonTypeNameExt(sourceClass->typeEntry()) + u')';
            toCppConv = u'*' + cpythonWrapperCPtr(sourceClass->typeEntry(),
                                                  pyInVariable);
        } else {
            // Constructor that does implicit conversion.
            const auto &firstArg = conv->arguments().constFirst();
            if (firstArg.isTypeModified() || conv->isModifiedToArray(1))
                continue;
            const AbstractMetaType &sourceType = firstArg.type();
            if (sourceType.isWrapperType()) {
                if (sourceType.referenceType() == LValueReference
                    || !sourceType.isPointerToWrapperType()) {
                    toCppConv = u" *"_s;
                }
                toCppConv += cpythonWrapperCPtr(sourceType.typeEntry(), pyInVariable);
            }

            typeCheck = cpythonCheckFunction(sourceType);
            if (typeCheck.endsWith(u", ")) {
                typeCheck += pyInVariable + u')';
            } else if (typeCheck != u"true" && typeCheck != u"false") {
                typeCheck += u'(' + pyInVariable + u')';
            }

            if (sourceType.isUserPrimitive()
                || sourceType.isExtendedCppPrimitive()
                || sourceType.typeEntry()->isContainer()
                || sourceType.typeEntry()->isEnum()
                || sourceType.typeEntry()->isFlags()) {
                StringStream pc(TextStream::Language::Cpp);
                pc << getFullTypeNameWithoutModifiers(sourceType) << " cppIn"
                    << minimalConstructorExpression(api(), sourceType) << ";\n";
                writeToCppConversion(pc, sourceType, pyInVariable,
                                     u"cppIn"_s);
                pc << ';';
                toCppPreConv = pc.toString();
                toCppConv.append(u"cppIn"_s);
            } else if (!sourceType.isWrapperType()) {
                StringStream tcc(TextStream::Language::Cpp);
                writeToCppConversion(tcc, sourceType, pyInVariable,
                                     u"/*BOZO-1061*/"_s);
                toCppConv = tcc.toString();
            }
        }
        const AbstractMetaType sourceType = conv->isConversionOperator()
                                            ? AbstractMetaType::fromAbstractMetaClass(conv->ownerClass())
                                            : conv->arguments().constFirst().type();
        writePythonToCppConversionFunctions(s, sourceType, targetType, typeCheck, toCppConv, toCppPreConv);
    }

    if (typeEntry->isValue()) {
        auto vte = std::static_pointer_cast<const ValueTypeEntry>(typeEntry);
        writeCustomConverterFunctions(s, vte->customConversion());
    }
}

void CppGenerator::writeCustomConverterFunctions(TextStream &s,
                                                 const CustomConversionPtr &customConversion) const
{
    if (!customConversion)
        return;
    const TargetToNativeConversions &toCppConversions = customConversion->targetToNativeConversions();
    if (toCppConversions.isEmpty())
        return;
    auto ownerType = customConversion->ownerType();
    s << "// Python to C++ conversions for type '" << ownerType->qualifiedCppName() << "'.\n";
    for (const auto &toNative : toCppConversions)
        writePythonToCppConversionFunctions(s, toNative, ownerType);
    s << '\n';
}

void CppGenerator::writeConverterRegister(TextStream &s, const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass,
                                          const GeneratorContext &classContext) const
{
    const auto typeEntry = metaClass->typeEntry();
    if (typeEntry->isNamespace())
        return;
    s << "// Register Converter\n"
        << "SbkConverter *converter = Shiboken::Conversions::createConverter(pyType,\n"
        << indent;
    QString sourceTypeName = metaClass->name();
    QString targetTypeName = sourceTypeName + u"_PTR"_s;
    s << pythonToCppFunctionName(sourceTypeName, targetTypeName) << ',' << '\n'
        << convertibleToCppFunctionName(sourceTypeName, targetTypeName) << ',' << '\n';
    std::swap(targetTypeName, sourceTypeName);
    s << cppToPythonFunctionName(sourceTypeName, targetTypeName);

    if (hasCopyConverter(metaClass)) {
        s << ',' << '\n';
        sourceTypeName = metaClass->name() + u"_COPY"_s;
        s << cppToPythonFunctionName(sourceTypeName, targetTypeName);
    }
    s << outdent << ");\n\n";

    if (!classContext.forSmartPointer()) {
        s << registerConverterName(metaClass->qualifiedCppName(), {},
                                   registerConverterName::Indirections
                                   | registerConverterName::PartiallyQualifiedAliases);
    } else {
        QString pointeeType = classContext.preciseType().instantiations().at(0).cppSignature();
        const QString &smartPointerName = classContext.preciseType().typeEntry()->name();

        registerConverterName::Flags flags = registerConverterName::Indirections;
        while (true) {
            s << registerConverterName(smartPointerName + u'<' + pointeeType + u'>', {}, flags);
            auto pos = pointeeType.indexOf("::"_L1);
            if (pos < 0)
                break;
            pointeeType.remove(0, pos + 2);
            flags.setFlag(registerConverterName::Alias);
        }
    }

    QString qualifiedCppNameInvocation = m_gsp;
    if (!classContext.forSmartPointer())
        qualifiedCppNameInvocation += metaClass->qualifiedCppName();
    else
        qualifiedCppNameInvocation += classContext.preciseType().cppSignature();
    s << registerConverterName(qualifiedCppNameInvocation, {},
                               registerConverterName::TypeId);

    if (classContext.useWrapper()) {
        s << registerConverterName(classContext.wrapperName(), {},
                                   registerConverterName::TypeId);
    }

    if (!hasCopyConverter(metaClass))
        return;

    // Python to C++ copy (value, not pointer neither reference) conversion.
    s << "\n// Add Python to C++ copy (value, not pointer neither reference) conversion to type converter.\n";
    sourceTypeName = metaClass->name();
    targetTypeName = sourceTypeName + u"_COPY"_s;
    QString toCpp = pythonToCppFunctionName(sourceTypeName, targetTypeName);
    QString isConv = convertibleToCppFunctionName(sourceTypeName, targetTypeName);
    writeAddPythonToCppConversion(s, converterVar, toCpp, isConv);

    // User provided implicit conversions.

    // Add implicit conversions.
    const AbstractMetaFunctionCList implicitConvs = implicitConversions(typeEntry);

    if (!implicitConvs.isEmpty())
        s << "// Add implicit conversions to type converter.\n";

    AbstractMetaType targetType = AbstractMetaType::fromAbstractMetaClass(metaClass);
    for (const auto &conv : std::as_const(implicitConvs)) {
        if (conv->isModifiedRemoved())
            continue;
        AbstractMetaType sourceType;
        if (conv->isConversionOperator()) {
            sourceType = AbstractMetaType::fromAbstractMetaClass(conv->ownerClass());
        } else {
            // Constructor that does implicit conversion.
            const auto &firstArg = conv->arguments().constFirst();
            if (firstArg.isTypeModified() || conv->isModifiedToArray(1))
                continue;
            sourceType = firstArg.type();
        }
        QString toCpp = pythonToCppFunctionName(sourceType, targetType);
        QString isConv = convertibleToCppFunctionName(sourceType, targetType);
        writeAddPythonToCppConversion(s, converterVar, toCpp, isConv);
    }

    if (typeEntry->isValue()) {
        auto vte = std::static_pointer_cast<const ValueTypeEntry>(typeEntry);
        writeCustomConverterRegister(s, vte->customConversion(), u"converter"_s);
    }
}

void CppGenerator::writeCustomConverterRegister(TextStream &s,
                                                const CustomConversionPtr &customConversion,
                                                const QString &converterVar)
{
    if (!customConversion)
        return;
    const TargetToNativeConversions &toCppConversions =
        customConversion->targetToNativeConversions();
    if (toCppConversions.isEmpty())
        return;
    s << "// Add user defined implicit conversions to type converter.\n";
    for (const auto &toNative : toCppConversions) {
        QString toCpp = pythonToCppFunctionName(toNative, customConversion->ownerType());
        QString isConv = convertibleToCppFunctionName(toNative, customConversion->ownerType());
        writeAddPythonToCppConversion(s, converterVar, toCpp, isConv);
    }
}

void CppGenerator::writeTemplateCustomConverterRegister(TextStream &s,
                                                        const AbstractMetaType &type,
                                                        QString converter)
{
    auto customConversion = CustomConversion::getCustomConversion(type.typeEntry());
    if (!customConversion || customConversion->targetToNativeConversions().isEmpty())
        return;
    if (converter.isEmpty())
        converter = converterVar;
    const QString typeName = fixedCppTypeName(type);
    for (const auto &conv : customConversion->targetToNativeConversions()) {
        const QString &sourceTypeName = conv.sourceTypeName();
        QString toCpp = pythonToCppFunctionName(sourceTypeName, typeName);
        QString isConv = convertibleToCppFunctionName(sourceTypeName, typeName);
        writeAddPythonToCppConversion(s, converter, toCpp, isConv);
    }
}

void CppGenerator::writeContainerConverterFunctions(TextStream &s,
                                                    const AbstractMetaType &containerType) const
{
    writeCppToPythonFunction(s, containerType);
    writePythonToCppConversionFunctions(s, containerType);
}

bool CppGenerator::needsArgumentErrorHandling(const OverloadData &overloadData)
{
    if (overloadData.maxArgs() > 0)
        return true;
    // QObject constructors need error handling when passing properties as kwarg.
    if (!usePySideExtensions())
        return false;
    auto rfunc = overloadData.referenceFunction();
    return rfunc->functionType() == AbstractMetaFunction::ConstructorFunction
        && isQObject(rfunc->ownerClass());
}

static bool canAvoidFullname(const GeneratorContext &context)
{
    // PYSIDE-2701: Make fullname suppression configurable.
    return Generator::optimizations().testFlag(Generator::RemoveFullnameField)
           && context.hasClass();
}

void CppGenerator::writeMethodWrapperPreamble(TextStream &s,
                                              const OverloadData &overloadData,
                                              const GeneratorContext &context,
                                              ErrorReturn errorReturn)
{
    const auto rfunc = overloadData.referenceFunction();
    int minArgs = overloadData.minArgs();
    int maxArgs = overloadData.maxArgs();
    bool initPythonArguments{};

    // If method is a constructor...
    if (rfunc->isConstructor()) {
        const auto ownerClass = rfunc->targetLangOwner();
        Q_ASSERT(ownerClass == context.metaClass());
        // Check if the right constructor was called.
        if (!ownerClass->hasPrivateDestructor()) {
            s << "if (Shiboken::Object::isUserType(self) && "
              << "!Shiboken::ObjectType::canCallConstructor(self->ob_type, Shiboken::SbkType< "
              << m_gsp;
            QString qualifiedCppName;
            if (!context.forSmartPointer())
                qualifiedCppName = ownerClass->qualifiedCppName();
            else
                qualifiedCppName = context.preciseType().cppSignature();

            s << qualifiedCppName << " >()))\n" << indent << errorReturn << outdent << '\n';
        }
        // Declare pointer for the underlying C++ object.
        s << globalScopePrefix(context) << context.effectiveClassName() << " *cptr{};\n";

        initPythonArguments = maxArgs > 0;

    } else {
        if (rfunc->implementingClass() &&
            (!rfunc->implementingClass()->isNamespace() && overloadData.hasInstanceFunction())) {
            CppSelfDefinitionFlags flags;
            if (overloadData.hasStaticFunction())
                flags.setFlag(CppSelfDefinitionFlag::HasStaticOverload);
            if (overloadData.hasClassMethod())
                flags.setFlag(CppSelfDefinitionFlag::HasClassMethodOverload);
            writeCppSelfDefinition(s, rfunc, context, errorReturn, flags);
        }
        if (!rfunc->isInplaceOperator() && overloadData.hasNonVoidReturnType())
            s << "PyObject *" << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << "{};\n";

        initPythonArguments = minArgs != maxArgs || maxArgs > 1;
    }

    if (needsArgumentErrorHandling(overloadData))
        s << "Shiboken::AutoDecRef errInfo{};\n";

    bool needsFullName = !canAvoidFullname(context);
    if (needsFullName)
        s << "static const char fullName[] = \"" << fullPythonFunctionName(rfunc, true)
            << "\";\nSBK_UNUSED(fullName)\n";
    s << "Shiboken::PythonContextMarker pcm;\n";
    // PYSIDE-2335: Mark blocking calls like `exec` or `run` as such.
    bool isBlockingFunction = rfunc->name() == u"exec"_s || rfunc->name() == u"exec_"_s
                              || rfunc->name() == u"run"_s;
    if (isBlockingFunction)
        s << "pcm.setBlocking();\n";

    if (maxArgs > 0) {
        s << "int overloadId = -1;\n"
            << PYTHON_TO_CPPCONVERSION_STRUCT << ' ' << PYTHON_TO_CPP_VAR;
        if (overloadData.pythonFunctionWrapperUsesListOfArguments())
            s << '[' << maxArgs << ']';
        s << ";\n" << sbkUnusedVariableCast(PYTHON_TO_CPP_VAR);
    }

    if (initPythonArguments) {
        s << "const Py_ssize_t numArgs = ";
        if (minArgs == 0 && maxArgs == 1 && !rfunc->isConstructor()
            && !overloadData.pythonFunctionWrapperUsesListOfArguments()) {
            s << "(" << PYTHON_ARG << " == 0 ? 0 : 1);\n";
        } else {
            writeArgumentsInitializer(s, overloadData, context, errorReturn);
        }
    }
}

// Non-constructible classes
void CppGenerator::writeConstructorDummy(TextStream &s,
                                         const GeneratorContext &classContext,
                                         const char *errorMessageFunc)
{
    s << "static int " << cpythonConstructorName(classContext.metaClass())
        << "(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *)\n{\n" << indent
        << "Shiboken::Errors::" << errorMessageFunc << "(\""
        << classContext.metaClass()->name()
        << "\");\nreturn -1;\n"
        << outdent << "}\n\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeConstructorWrapper(TextStream &s, const OverloadData &overloadData,
                                           const GeneratorContext &classContext) const
{
    const ErrorReturn errorReturn = ErrorReturn::MinusOne;

    const auto rfunc = overloadData.referenceFunction();
    const auto metaClass = rfunc->ownerClass();

    s << "static int\n";
    s << cpythonConstructorName(metaClass)
        << "(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n{\n" << indent;
    if (overloadData.maxArgs() == 0 || metaClass->isAbstract())
        s << sbkUnusedVariableCast("args");
    s << sbkUnusedVariableCast("kwds");

    const bool needsMetaObject = usePySideExtensions() && isQObject(metaClass);

    s << "auto *sbkSelf = reinterpret_cast<SbkObject *>(self);\n";

    if (metaClass->isAbstract() || metaClass->baseClassNames().size() > 1) {
        s << "PyTypeObject *type = self->ob_type;\n"
            << "PyTypeObject *myType = "
            << cpythonTypeNameExt(metaClass->typeEntry()) << ";\n";
    }

    if (metaClass->isAbstract()) {
        // C++ Wrapper disabled: Abstract C++ class cannot be instantiated.
        if (metaClass->typeEntry()->typeFlags().testFlag(ComplexTypeEntry::DisableWrapper)) {
            s << sbkUnusedVariableCast("sbkSelf")
                << sbkUnusedVariableCast("type")
                << sbkUnusedVariableCast("myType");
            s << "Shiboken::Errors::setInstantiateAbstractClassDisabledWrapper(\""
                << metaClass->qualifiedCppName() << "\");\n" << errorReturn << outdent
                << "}\n\n";
            return;
        }

        // Refuse to instantiate Abstract C++ class (via C++ Wrapper) unless it is
        // a Python-derived class for which type != myType.
        s << "if (type == myType) {\n" << indent
            << "Shiboken::Errors::setInstantiateAbstractClass(\"" << metaClass->qualifiedCppName()
            << "\");\n" << errorReturn << outdent
            << "}\n\n";
    }

    if (metaClass->baseClassNames().size() > 1) {
        if (!metaClass->isAbstract())
            s << "if (type != myType)\n" << indent;
        s << "Shiboken::ObjectType::copyMultipleInheritance(type, myType);\n";
        if (!metaClass->isAbstract())
            s << outdent << '\n';
    }

    // PYSIDE-1478: Switching must also happen at object creation time.
    if (usePySideExtensions() && !classContext.forSmartPointer())
        s << "PySide::Feature::Select(self);\n";

    writeMethodWrapperPreamble(s, overloadData, classContext, errorReturn);

    s << '\n';

    if (overloadData.maxArgs() > 0)
        writeOverloadedFunctionDecisor(s, overloadData, classContext, errorReturn);

    // Handles Python Multiple Inheritance
    QString pre = needsMetaObject ? u"bool usesPyMI = "_s : u""_s;
    s << "\n// PyMI support\n"
        << pre << "Shiboken::callInheritedInit(self, args, kwds, "
        << (canAvoidFullname(classContext) ? typeInitStruct(classContext) : "fullName"_L1)
        << ");\nif (" << shibokenErrorsOccurred << ")\n"
        << indent << errorReturn << outdent << "\n";

    writeFunctionCalls(s, overloadData, classContext, errorReturn);
    s << '\n';

    const QString typeName = classContext.forSmartPointer()
        ? classContext.preciseType().cppSignature() : metaClass->qualifiedCppName();
    s << "if (" << shibokenErrorsOccurred
        << " || !Shiboken::Object::setCppPointer(sbkSelf, Shiboken::SbkType< "
        << globalScopePrefix(classContext) << typeName << " >(), cptr)) {\n"
        <<  indent << "delete cptr;\n" << errorReturn << outdent
        << "}\n";
    if (overloadData.maxArgs() > 0)
        s << "if (cptr == nullptr)\n" << indent
            << "return " << returnErrorWrongArguments(overloadData, classContext, errorReturn)
            << ";\n\n" << outdent;

    s << "Shiboken::Object::setValidCpp(sbkSelf, true);\n";
    // If the created C++ object has a C++ wrapper the ownership is assigned to Python
    // (first "1") and the flag indicating that the Python wrapper holds an C++ wrapper
    // is marked as true (the second "1"). Otherwise the default values apply:
    // Python owns it and C++ wrapper is false.
    if (shouldGenerateCppWrapper(overloadData.referenceFunction()->ownerClass()))
        s << "Shiboken::Object::setHasCppWrapper(sbkSelf, true);\n";

    s << "Shiboken::BindingManager::instance().registerWrapper(sbkSelf, cptr);\n";

    // Create metaObject and register signal/slot
    if (needsMetaObject) {
        s << "\n// QObject setup\n"
            << "PySide::Signal::updateSourceObject(self);\n"
            << "const auto *metaObject = cptr->metaObject(); // <- init python qt properties\n"
            << "if (!errInfo.isNull() && PyDict_Check(errInfo.object())) {\n" << indent
                << "if (!PySide::fillQtProperties(self, metaObject, errInfo, usesPyMI))\n" << indent
                    << "return " << returnErrorWrongArguments(overloadData, classContext, errorReturn)
                    << ";\n" << outdent << outdent
            << "};\n";
    }

    // Constructor code injections, position=end
    bool hasCodeInjectionsAtEnd = false;
    for (const auto &func : overloadData.overloads()) {
        const CodeSnipList &injectedCodeSnips = func->injectedCodeSnips();
        for (const CodeSnip &cs : injectedCodeSnips) {
            if (cs.position == TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionEnd) {
                hasCodeInjectionsAtEnd = true;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    if (hasCodeInjectionsAtEnd) {
        // FIXME: C++ arguments are not available in code injection on constructor when position = end.
        s << "switch (overloadId) {\n";
        for (const auto &func : overloadData.overloads()) {
            s << indent;
            const CodeSnipList &injectedCodeSnips = func->injectedCodeSnips();
            for (const CodeSnip &cs : injectedCodeSnips) {
                if (cs.position == TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionEnd) {
                    s << "case " << metaClass->functions().indexOf(func) << ':' << '\n'
                        << "{\n" << indent;
                    writeCodeSnips(s, func->injectedCodeSnips(), TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionEnd,
                                   TypeSystem::TargetLangCode, func,
                                   true /* usesPyArgs */, nullptr);
                    s << outdent << "}\nbreak;\n";
                    break;
                }
            }
            s << outdent;
        }
        s << "}\n";
    }

    s << "\n\nreturn 1;\n";
    s<< outdent << "}\n\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeMethodWrapper(TextStream &s, const OverloadData &overloadData,
                                      const GeneratorContext &classContext) const
{
    const auto rfunc = overloadData.referenceFunction();

    int maxArgs = overloadData.maxArgs();

    s << "static PyObject *";
    s << cpythonFunctionName(rfunc) << "(PyObject *self";
    bool hasKwdArgs = false;
    if (maxArgs > 0) {
        s << ", PyObject *"
            << (overloadData.pythonFunctionWrapperUsesListOfArguments() ? u"args"_s : PYTHON_ARG);
        hasKwdArgs = overloadData.hasArgumentWithDefaultValue() || rfunc->isCallOperator();
        if (hasKwdArgs)
            s << ", PyObject *kwds";
    }
    s << ")\n{\n" << indent;
    if (rfunc->ownerClass() == nullptr || overloadData.hasStaticFunction())
        s << sbkUnusedVariableCast(PYTHON_SELF_VAR);
    if (hasKwdArgs)
        s << sbkUnusedVariableCast("kwds");

    writeMethodWrapperPreamble(s, overloadData, classContext);

    s << '\n';

    // This code is intended for shift operations only: Make sure reverse <</>>
    // operators defined in other classes (specially from other modules)
    // are called. A proper and generic solution would require an reengineering
    // in the operator system like the extended converters.
    // Solves #119 - QDataStream <</>> operators not working for QPixmap.
    const bool hasReturnValue = overloadData.hasNonVoidReturnType();

    if (hasReturnValue && rfunc->functionType() == AbstractMetaFunction::ShiftOperator
        && rfunc->isBinaryOperator()) {
        // For custom classes, operations like __radd__ and __rmul__
        // will enter an infinite loop.
        const QString pythonOp = ShibokenGenerator::pythonOperatorFunctionName(rfunc);
        s << "static PyObject *attrName = Shiboken::PyMagicName::r"
            << pythonOp.mid(2, pythonOp.size() -4) << "();\n" // Strip __
            << "if (!isReverse\n" << indent
            << "&& Shiboken::Object::checkType(" << PYTHON_ARG << ")\n"
            << "&& !PyObject_TypeCheck(" << PYTHON_ARG << ", self->ob_type)\n"
            << "&& PyObject_HasAttr(" << PYTHON_ARG << ", attrName)) {\n"
            << "PyObject *revOpMethod = PyObject_GetAttr(" << PYTHON_ARG << ", attrName);\n"
            << "if (revOpMethod && PyCallable_Check(revOpMethod)) {\n" << indent
            << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << " = PyObject_CallFunction(revOpMethod, \"O\", self);\n"
            << "if (" << shibokenErrorsOccurred
            << " && (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_NotImplementedError)"
            << " || PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError))) {\n" << indent
            << "PyErr_Clear();\n"
            << "Py_XDECREF(" << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << ");\n"
            << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << " = " << NULL_PTR << ";\n"
            << outdent << "}\n"
            << outdent << "}\n"
            << "Py_XDECREF(revOpMethod);\n\n"
            << outdent << "}\n\n"
            << "// Do not enter here if other object has implemented a reverse operator.\n"
            << "if (" << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << " == nullptr) {\n" << indent;
        if (maxArgs > 0)
            writeOverloadedFunctionDecisor(s, overloadData, classContext, ErrorReturn::Default);
        writeFunctionCalls(s, overloadData, classContext, ErrorReturn::Default);
        s  << outdent << '\n' << "} // End of \"if (!" << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << ")\"\n";
    } else { // binary shift operator
        if (maxArgs > 0)
            writeOverloadedFunctionDecisor(s, overloadData, classContext, ErrorReturn::Default);
        writeFunctionCalls(s, overloadData, classContext, ErrorReturn::Default);
    }

    s << '\n';

    if (hasReturnValue) {
        if (rfunc->isInplaceOperator()) {
            s << "return Sbk_ReturnFromPython_Self(self);\n";
        } else {
            s << "return Sbk_ReturnFromPython_Result(" << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR <<");\n";
        }
    } else {
        s << " return Sbk_ReturnFromPython_None();\n";
    }

    s<< outdent << "}\n\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeArgumentsInitializer(TextStream &s, const OverloadData &overloadData,
                                             const GeneratorContext &classContext,
                                             ErrorReturn errorReturn)
{
    const auto rfunc = overloadData.referenceFunction();
    s << "PyTuple_Size(args);\n" << sbkUnusedVariableCast("numArgs");

    int minArgs = overloadData.minArgs();
    int maxArgs = overloadData.maxArgs();

    s << "PyObject *";
    s << PYTHON_ARGS << "[] = {"
        << QByteArrayList(maxArgs, "nullptr").join(", ")
        << "};\n\n";

    if (overloadData.hasVarargs()) {
        maxArgs--;
        if (minArgs > maxArgs)
            minArgs = maxArgs;

        s << "PyObject *nonvarargs = PyTuple_GetSlice(args, 0, " << maxArgs << ");\n"
            << "Shiboken::AutoDecRef auto_nonvarargs(nonvarargs);\n"
            << PYTHON_ARGS << '[' << maxArgs << "] = PyTuple_GetSlice(args, "
            << maxArgs << ", numArgs);\n"
            << "Shiboken::AutoDecRef auto_varargs(" << PYTHON_ARGS << "["
            << maxArgs << "]);\n\n";
    }

    bool usesNamedArguments = overloadData.hasArgumentWithDefaultValue();

    s << "// invalid argument lengths\n";

    // Disable argument count checks for QObject constructors to allow for
    // passing properties as KW args.
    const auto owner = rfunc->ownerClass();
    bool isQObjectConstructor = owner && isQObject(owner)
        && rfunc->functionType() == AbstractMetaFunction::ConstructorFunction;

    if (usesNamedArguments && !isQObjectConstructor) {
        s << "errInfo.reset(Shiboken::checkInvalidArgumentCount(numArgs, "
            <<  minArgs << ", " << maxArgs << "));\n"
            << "if (!errInfo.isNull())\n" << indent
            << "return " << returnErrorWrongArguments(overloadData, classContext, errorReturn) << ";\n"
            << outdent;
    }

    const QList<int> invalidArgsLength = overloadData.invalidArgumentLengths();
    if (!invalidArgsLength.isEmpty()) {
        s << "if (";
        for (qsizetype i = 0, size = invalidArgsLength.size(); i < size; ++i) {
            if (i)
                s << " || ";
            s << "numArgs == " << invalidArgsLength.at(i);
        }
        s << ")\n" << indent
            << "return " << returnErrorWrongArguments(overloadData, classContext, errorReturn) << ";\n"
            << outdent;
    }
    s  << '\n';

    QString funcName;
    if (rfunc->isOperatorOverload())
        funcName = ShibokenGenerator::pythonOperatorFunctionName(rfunc);
    else
        funcName = rfunc->name();

    QString argsVar = overloadData.hasVarargs() ?  u"nonvarargs"_s : u"args"_s;
    s << "if (";
    if (usesNamedArguments) {
        s << "PyArg_ParseTuple(" << argsVar << ", \"|" << QByteArray(maxArgs, 'O')
            << ':' << funcName << '"';
    } else {
        s << "PyArg_UnpackTuple(" << argsVar << ", \"" << funcName << "\", "
            << minArgs << ", " << maxArgs;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < maxArgs; i++)
        s << ", &(" << PYTHON_ARGS << '[' << i << "])";
    s << ") == 0)\n" << indent << errorReturn << outdent << '\n';
}

void CppGenerator::writeCppSelfConversion(TextStream &s, const GeneratorContext &context,
                                          const QString &className, bool useWrapperClass)
{
    if (context.forSmartPointer()) {
        writeSmartPointerCppSelfConversion(s, context);
        return;
    }

    if (useWrapperClass)
        s << "static_cast<" << className << " *>(";
    s << cpythonWrapperCPtr(context.metaClass(), PYTHON_SELF_VAR);
    if (useWrapperClass)
        s << ')';
}

void CppGenerator::writeCppSelfVarDef(TextStream &s,
                                      CppSelfDefinitionFlags flags)
{
    if (flags.testFlag(CppGenerator::CppSelfAsReference))
        s << "auto &" <<  CPP_SELF_VAR << " = *";
    else
        s << "auto *" << CPP_SELF_VAR << " = ";
}

void CppGenerator::writeCppSelfDefinition(TextStream &s,
                                          const GeneratorContext &context,
                                          ErrorReturn errorReturn,
                                          CppSelfDefinitionFlags flags)
{
    Q_ASSERT(!(flags.testFlag(CppSelfAsReference) && flags.testFlag(HasStaticOverload)));
    if (context.forSmartPointer()) {
        writeSmartPointerCppSelfDefinition(s, context, errorReturn, flags);
        return;
    }

    const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass = context.metaClass();
    const auto cppWrapper = context.metaClass()->cppWrapper();
    // In the Python method, use the wrapper to access the protected
    // functions.
    const bool useWrapperClass = avoidProtectedHack()
        && cppWrapper.testFlag(AbstractMetaClass::CppProtectedHackWrapper);
    Q_ASSERT(!useWrapperClass || context.useWrapper());
    const QString className = useWrapperClass
        ? context.wrapperName() : getFullTypeName(metaClass);

    writeInvalidPyObjectCheck(s, PYTHON_SELF_VAR, errorReturn);

    if (flags.testFlag(CppSelfAsReference)) {
         writeCppSelfVarDef(s, flags);
         writeCppSelfConversion(s, context, className, useWrapperClass);
         s << ";\n";
         return;
    }

    if (!flags.testFlag(HasStaticOverload)) {
        if (!flags.testFlag(HasClassMethodOverload)) {
            // PYSIDE-131: The single case of a class method for now: tr().
            writeCppSelfVarDef(s, flags);
            writeCppSelfConversion(s, context, className, useWrapperClass);
            s << ";\n" << sbkUnusedVariableCast(CPP_SELF_VAR);
        }
        return;
    }

    s << className << " *" << CPP_SELF_VAR << " = nullptr;\n"
        << sbkUnusedVariableCast(CPP_SELF_VAR);

    // Checks if the underlying C++ object is valid.
    s << "if (self)\n" << indent
        << CPP_SELF_VAR << " = ";
    writeCppSelfConversion(s, context, className, useWrapperClass);
    s << ";\n"<< outdent;
}

void CppGenerator::writeCppSelfDefinition(TextStream &s,
                                          const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func,
                                          const GeneratorContext &context,
                                          ErrorReturn errorReturn,
                                          CppSelfDefinitionFlags flags)
{
    if (!func->ownerClass() || func->isConstructor())
        return;

    if (func->isOperatorOverload() && func->isBinaryOperator()) {
        QString checkFunc = cpythonCheckFunction(func->ownerClass()->typeEntry());
        s << "bool isReverse = " << checkFunc << PYTHON_ARG << ")\n"
            << "                && !" << checkFunc << "self);\n"
            << "if (isReverse)\n" << indent
            << "std::swap(self, " << PYTHON_ARG << ");\n" << outdent;
    }

    writeCppSelfDefinition(s, context, errorReturn, flags);
}

QString CppGenerator::returnErrorWrongArguments(const OverloadData &overloadData,
                                                const GeneratorContext &context,
                                                ErrorReturn errorReturn)
{
    Q_UNUSED(context);
    const auto rfunc = overloadData.referenceFunction();
    QString exprRest;
    if (canAvoidFullname(context)) {
        const QString &name = rfunc->isConstructor() ? "__init__"_L1 : rfunc->name();
        exprRest = ", \""_L1 + name + "\", errInfo, "_L1 + typeInitStruct(context) + ")"_L1;
    } else {
        exprRest = ", fullName, errInfo)"_L1;
    }
    QString argsVar = overloadData.pythonFunctionWrapperUsesListOfArguments()
        ? u"args"_s : PYTHON_ARG;
    switch (errorReturn) {
    case ErrorReturn::Default:
    case ErrorReturn::NullPtr:
        return u"Shiboken::returnWrongArguments("_s + argsVar + exprRest;
    case ErrorReturn::Zero:
        return u"Shiboken::returnWrongArguments_Zero("_s + argsVar + exprRest;
    case ErrorReturn::MinusOne:
        return u"Shiboken::returnWrongArguments_MinusOne("_s + argsVar + exprRest;
    case ErrorReturn::Void:
        Q_ASSERT(false);
    }
    return {};
}

void CppGenerator::writeFunctionReturnErrorCheckSection(TextStream &s,
                                                        ErrorReturn errorReturn,
                                                        bool hasReturnValue)
{
    s << "if (" << shibokenErrorsOccurred;
    if (hasReturnValue)
        s << " || " << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << " == nullptr";
    s << ") {\n" << indent;
    if (hasReturnValue)
        s << "Py_XDECREF(" << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << ");\n";
    s << errorReturn << outdent << "}\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeInvalidPyObjectCheck(TextStream &s, const QString &pyObj,
                                             ErrorReturn errorReturn)
{
    s << "if (!Shiboken::Object::isValid(" << pyObj << "))\n"
        << indent << errorReturn << outdent;
}

static QString pythonToCppConverterForArgumentName(const QString &argumentName)
{
    static const QRegularExpression pyArgsRegex(PYTHON_ARGS
                                                + uR"((\[\d+[-]?\d*\]))"_s);
    Q_ASSERT(pyArgsRegex.isValid());
    const QRegularExpressionMatch match = pyArgsRegex.match(argumentName);
    QString result = PYTHON_TO_CPP_VAR;
    if (match.hasMatch())
        result += match.captured(1);
    return result;
}

void CppGenerator::writeTypeCheck(TextStream &s, const QString &customType,
                                  const QString &argumentName)
{
    QString errorMessage;
    const auto metaTypeOpt = AbstractMetaType::fromString(customType, &errorMessage);
    if (!metaTypeOpt.has_value())
        throw Exception(errorMessage);
    writeTypeCheck(s, metaTypeOpt.value(), argumentName,
                   ShibokenGenerator::isNumber(metaTypeOpt.value()));
}

void CppGenerator::writeTypeCheck(TextStream &s, const AbstractMetaType &argType,
                                  const QString &argumentName, bool isNumber,
                                  bool rejectNull)
{
    // TODO-CONVERTER: merge this with the code below.
    QString typeCheck = cpythonIsConvertibleFunction(argType);
    if (typeCheck != u"true") // For PyObject, which is always true
        typeCheck.append(u'(' +argumentName + u')');

    // TODO-CONVERTER -----------------------------------------------------------------------
    if (!argType.typeEntry()->isCustom()) {
        typeCheck = u'(' + pythonToCppConverterForArgumentName(argumentName)
                    + u" = "_s + typeCheck + u"))"_s;
        if (!isNumber
            && argType.typeUsagePattern() == AbstractMetaType::PrimitivePattern // no array
            && isCppPrimitive(argType.typeEntry())) {
            typeCheck.prepend(cpythonCheckFunction(argType) + u'('
                              + argumentName + u") && "_s);
        }
    }
    // TODO-CONVERTER -----------------------------------------------------------------------

    if (rejectNull)
        typeCheck = u'(' + argumentName +  u" != Py_None && "_s + typeCheck + u')';

    s << typeCheck;
}

static void checkTypeViability(const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func,
                               const AbstractMetaType &type, int argIdx)
{
    const bool modified = argIdx == 0
        ? func->isTypeModified()
        : func->arguments().at(argIdx -1).isTypeModified();
    const bool isRemoved = argIdx == 0
        ? func->argumentRemoved(0)
        : func->arguments().at(argIdx -1).isModifiedRemoved();
    if (type.isVoid()
        || !type.typeEntry()->isPrimitive()
        || type.indirections() == 0
        || (type.indirections() == 1 && type.typeUsagePattern() == AbstractMetaType::NativePointerAsArrayPattern)
        || type.isCString()
        || isRemoved
        || modified
        || func->hasConversionRule(TypeSystem::All, argIdx)
        || func->hasInjectedCode())
        return;
    QString message;
    QTextStream str(&message);
    str << func->sourceLocation()
        << "There's no user provided way (conversion rule, argument"
           " removal, custom code, etc) to handle the primitive ";
    if (argIdx == 0)
        str << "return type '" << type.cppSignature() << '\'';
    else
        str << "type '" << type.cppSignature() << "' of argument " << argIdx;
    str << " in function '";
    if (func->ownerClass())
        str << func->ownerClass()->qualifiedCppName() << "::";
    str << func->signature() << "'.";
    qCWarning(lcShiboken).noquote().nospace() << message;
}

static void checkTypeViability(const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func)
{
    if (func->isUserAdded())
        return;
    checkTypeViability(func, func->type(), 0);
    for (qsizetype i = 0; i < func->arguments().size(); ++i)
        checkTypeViability(func, func->arguments().at(i).type(), int(i + 1));
}

void CppGenerator::writeTypeCheck(TextStream &s,
                                  const std::shared_ptr<OverloadDataNode> &overloadData,
                                  const QString &argumentName)
{
    QSet<TypeEntryCPtr> numericTypes;
    const OverloadDataList &siblings = overloadData->parent()->children();
    for (const auto &sibling : siblings) {
        for (const auto &func : sibling->overloads()) {
            checkTypeViability(func);
            const AbstractMetaType &argType = sibling->overloadArgument(func)->type();
            if (!argType.isPrimitive())
                continue;
            if (ShibokenGenerator::isNumber(argType.typeEntry()))
                numericTypes << argType.typeEntry();
        }
    }

    // This condition trusts that the OverloadData object will arrange for
    // PyLong type to come after the more precise numeric types (e.g. float and bool)
    AbstractMetaType argType = overloadData->modifiedArgType();
    if (const auto *viewOn = argType.viewOn())
        argType = *viewOn;
    const bool numberType = numericTypes.size() == 1 || ShibokenGenerator::isPyInt(argType);
    bool rejectNull =
        shouldRejectNullPointerArgument(overloadData->referenceFunction(), overloadData->argPos());
    writeTypeCheck(s, argType, argumentName, numberType, rejectNull);
}

qsizetype CppGenerator::writeArgumentConversion(TextStream &s,
                                                const AbstractMetaType &argType,
                                                const QString &argName,
                                                const QString &pyArgName,
                                                ErrorReturn errorReturn,
                                                const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &context,
                                                const QString &defaultValue,
                                                bool castArgumentAsUnused) const
{
    qsizetype result = 0;
    if (argType.typeEntry()->isCustom() || argType.typeEntry()->isVarargs())
        return result;
    if (argType.isWrapperType())
        writeInvalidPyObjectCheck(s, pyArgName, errorReturn);
    result = writePythonToCppTypeConversion(s, argType, pyArgName, argName, context, defaultValue);
    if (castArgumentAsUnused)
        s << sbkUnusedVariableCast(argName);
    return result;
}

AbstractMetaType
    CppGenerator::getArgumentType(const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func, int index)
{
    if (index < 0 || index >= func->arguments().size()) {
        qCWarning(lcShiboken).noquote().nospace()
            << "Argument index for function '" << func->signature() << "' out of range.";
        return {};
    }

    auto argType = func->arguments().at(index).modifiedType();
    return argType.viewOn() ? *argType.viewOn() : argType;
}

static inline QString arrayHandleType(const AbstractMetaTypeList &nestedArrayTypes)
{
    switch (nestedArrayTypes.size()) {
    case 1:
        return "Shiboken::Conversions::ArrayHandle<"_L1
            + nestedArrayTypes.constLast().minimalSignature() + u'>';
    case 2:
        return "Shiboken::Conversions::Array2Handle<"_L1
            + nestedArrayTypes.constLast().minimalSignature()
            + ", "_L1
            + QString::number(nestedArrayTypes.constFirst().arrayElementCount())
            + u'>';
    default:
        break;
    }
    return {};
}

// Helper to write argument initialization code for a function argument
// in case it has a default value.
template <class Type> // AbstractMetaType/TypeEntry
static void writeMinimalConstructorExpression(TextStream &s,
                                              const ApiExtractorResult &api,
                                              Type type,
                                              bool isPrimitive,
                                              const QString &defaultValue)
{
    if (defaultValue.isEmpty()) {
        s << ShibokenGenerator::minimalConstructorExpression(api, type);
        return;
    }
    // Use assignment to avoid "Most vexing parse" if it looks like
    // a function call, or for primitives/pointers
    const bool isDefault = defaultValue == u"{}";
    if ((isPrimitive && !isDefault)
        || defaultValue == u"nullptr" || defaultValue.contains(u'(')) {
        s << " = " << defaultValue;
        return;
    }
    if (isDefault) {
        s << defaultValue;
        return;
    }
    s << '(' << defaultValue << ')';
}

qsizetype CppGenerator::writePythonToCppTypeConversion(TextStream &s,
                                                  const AbstractMetaType &type,
                                                  const QString &pyIn,
                                                  const QString &cppOut,
                                                  const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &context,
                                                  const QString &defaultValue) const
{
    TypeEntryCPtr typeEntry = type.typeEntry();
    if (typeEntry->isCustom() || typeEntry->isVarargs())
        return 0;

    const auto arg = GeneratorArgument::fromMetaType(type);
    const bool isPrimitive = arg.type == GeneratorArgument::Type::Primitive;

    QString cppOutAux = cppOut + u"_local"_s;

    QString typeName = arg.type == GeneratorArgument::Type::CppPrimitiveArray
       ? arrayHandleType(type.nestedArrayTypes())
       : getFullTypeNameWithoutModifiers(type);

    bool isProtectedEnum = false;
    if (arg.type == GeneratorArgument::Type::Enum && avoidProtectedHack()) {
        auto metaEnum = api().findAbstractMetaEnum(type.typeEntry());
        if (metaEnum.has_value() && metaEnum->isProtected()) {
            typeName = wrapperName(context) + u"::"_s
                       + metaEnum.value().name();
            isProtectedEnum = true;
        }
    }

    s << typeName;
    switch (arg.conversion) {
    case GeneratorArgument::Conversion::CppPrimitiveArray:
        s << ' ' << cppOut;
        break;
    case GeneratorArgument::Conversion::ValueOrPointer: {
        // Generate either value conversion for &cppOutAux or pointer
        // conversion for &cppOut
        s << ' ' << cppOutAux;
        // No default value for containers which can also be passed by pointer.
        if (arg.type != GeneratorArgument::Type::Container || type.indirections() == 0)
            writeMinimalConstructorExpression(s, api(), type, isPrimitive, defaultValue);
        s << ";\n" << typeName << " *" << cppOut << " = &" << cppOutAux;
    }
        break;
    case GeneratorArgument::Conversion::Pointer: {
        s << " *" << cppOut;
        if (!defaultValue.isEmpty()) {
            const bool needsConstCast = !isNullPtr(defaultValue)
                && type.indirections() == 1 && type.isConstant()
                && type.referenceType() == NoReference;
            s << " = ";
            if (needsConstCast)
                s << "const_cast<" << typeName << " *>(";
            s << defaultValue;
            if (needsConstCast)
                s << ')';
        }
    }
        break;
    case GeneratorArgument::Conversion::Default:
        s << ' ' << cppOut;
        if (isProtectedEnum && avoidProtectedHack()) {
            s << " = ";
            if (defaultValue.isEmpty())
                s << "{}";
            else
                s << defaultValue;
        } else if (type.isUserPrimitive()
                   || arg.type == GeneratorArgument::Type::Enum
                   || arg.type == GeneratorArgument::Type::Flags) {
            writeMinimalConstructorExpression(s, api(), typeEntry, isPrimitive, defaultValue);
        } else if ((!type.isContainer() || type.indirections() == 0) && !type.isSmartPointer()) {
            writeMinimalConstructorExpression(s, api(), type, isPrimitive, defaultValue);
        }
        break;
    }
    s << ";\n";

    QString pythonToCppFunc = pythonToCppConverterForArgumentName(pyIn);

    QString pythonToCppCall = pythonToCppFunc + u'(' + pyIn + u", &"_s
                              + cppOut + u')';
    if (arg.conversion != GeneratorArgument::Conversion::ValueOrPointer) {
        // pythonToCppFunc may be 0 when less parameters are passed and
        // the defaultValue takes effect.
        if (!defaultValue.isEmpty())
            s << "if (" << pythonToCppFunc << ")\n" << indent;
        s << pythonToCppCall << ";\n";
        if (!defaultValue.isEmpty())
            s << outdent;
        return arg.indirections;
    }

    // pythonToCppFunc may be 0 when less parameters are passed and
    // the defaultValue takes effect.
    if (!defaultValue.isEmpty())
        s << "if (" << pythonToCppFunc << ") {\n" << indent;

    s << "if (" << pythonToCppFunc << ".isValue())\n"
        << indent << pythonToCppFunc << '(' << pyIn << ", &" << cppOutAux << ");\n"
        << outdent << "else\n" << indent
        << pythonToCppCall << ";\n" << outdent;

    if (defaultValue.isEmpty())
        s << '\n';
    else
        s << "}\n" << outdent;

    return arg.indirections;
}

static void addConversionRuleCodeSnippet(CodeSnipList &snippetList, QString &rule,
                                         TypeSystem::Language /* conversionLanguage */,
                                         TypeSystem::Language snippetLanguage,
                                         const QString &outputName = QString(),
                                         const QString &inputName = QString())
{
    if (rule.isEmpty())
        return;
    if (snippetLanguage == TypeSystem::TargetLangCode) {
        rule.replace(u"%in"_s, inputName);
        rule.replace(u"%out"_s, outputName + u"_out"_s);
    } else {
        rule.replace(u"%out"_s, outputName);
    }
    CodeSnip snip(snippetLanguage);
    snip.position = (snippetLanguage == TypeSystem::NativeCode) ? TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionAny : TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionBeginning;
    snip.addCode(rule);
    snippetList << snip;
}

void CppGenerator::writeConversionRule(TextStream &s, const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func,
                                       TypeSystem::Language language, bool usesPyArgs) const
{

    CodeSnipList snippets;
    const AbstractMetaArgumentList &arguments = func->arguments();
    for (const AbstractMetaArgument &arg : arguments) {
        QString rule = func->conversionRule(language, arg.argumentIndex() + 1);
        addConversionRuleCodeSnippet(snippets, rule, language, TypeSystem::TargetLangCode,
                                     arg.name(), arg.name());
    }
    writeCodeSnips(s, snippets, TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionBeginning, TypeSystem::TargetLangCode,
                   func, usesPyArgs, nullptr);
}

void CppGenerator::writeConversionRule(TextStream &s, const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func,
                                       TypeSystem::Language language, const QString &outputVar) const
{
    CodeSnipList snippets;
    QString rule = func->conversionRule(language, 0);
    addConversionRuleCodeSnippet(snippets, rule, language, language, outputVar);
    writeCodeSnips(s, snippets, TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionAny, language,
                   func, false /* uses PyArgs */, nullptr);
}

void CppGenerator::writeNoneReturn(TextStream &s, const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func,
                                   bool thereIsReturnValue)
{
    if (thereIsReturnValue && (func->isVoid() || func->argumentRemoved(0))
        && !func->injectedCodeHasReturnValueAttribution()) {
        s << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << " = Py_None;\n"
            << "Py_INCREF(Py_None);\n";
    }
}

void CppGenerator::writeOverloadedFunctionDecisor(TextStream &s,
                                                  const OverloadData &overloadData,
                                                  const GeneratorContext &classContext,
                                                  ErrorReturn errorReturn) const
{
    s << "// Overloaded function decisor\n";
    const auto rfunc = overloadData.referenceFunction();
    const AbstractMetaFunctionCList &functionOverloads = overloadData.overloads();
    for (qsizetype i = 0; i < functionOverloads.size(); ++i) {
        const auto &func = functionOverloads.at(i);
        s << "// " << i << ": ";
        if (func->isStatic())
            s << "static ";
        if (const auto &decl = func->declaringClass())
            s << decl->name() << "::";
        s << func->signatureComment() << '\n';
    }
    writeOverloadedFunctionDecisorEngine(s, overloadData, &overloadData);
    s << '\n';

    // Ensure that the direct overload that called this reverse
    // is called.
    if (rfunc->isOperatorOverload() && !rfunc->isCallOperator()) {
        s << "if (isReverse && overloadId == -1) {\n" << indent
            << "Shiboken::Errors::setReverseOperatorNotImplemented();\n"
            << "return {};\n" << outdent
            << "}\n\n";
    }

    s << "// Function signature not found.\n"
        << "if (overloadId == -1)\n" << indent
            << "return " << returnErrorWrongArguments(overloadData, classContext, errorReturn)
            << ";\n\n" << outdent;
}

void CppGenerator::writeOverloadedFunctionDecisorEngine(TextStream &s,
                                                        const OverloadData &overloadData,
                                                        const OverloadDataRootNode *node) const
{
    bool hasDefaultCall = node->nextArgumentHasDefaultValue();
    auto referenceFunction = node->referenceFunction();

    // If the next argument has not an argument with a default value, it is still possible
    // that one of the overloads for the current overload data has its final occurrence here.
    // If found, the final occurrence of a method is attributed to the referenceFunction
    // variable to be used further on this method on the conditional that identifies default
    // method calls.
    if (!hasDefaultCall) {
        for (const auto &func : node->overloads()) {
            if (node->isFinalOccurrence(func)) {
                referenceFunction = func;
                hasDefaultCall = true;
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    const int maxArgs = overloadData.maxArgs();
    // Python constructors always receive multiple arguments.
    const bool usePyArgs = overloadData.pythonFunctionWrapperUsesListOfArguments();

    // Functions without arguments are identified right away.
    if (maxArgs == 0) {
        s << "overloadId = " << overloadData.functionNumber(referenceFunction)
            << "; // " << referenceFunction->minimalSignature() << '\n';
        return;

    }
    // To decide if a method call is possible at this point the current overload
    // data object cannot be the head, since it is just an entry point, or a root,
    // for the tree of arguments and it does not represent a valid method call.
    if (!node->isRoot()) {
        const bool isLastArgument = node->children().isEmpty();
        const bool signatureFound = node->overloads().size() == 1;

        // The current overload data describes the last argument of a signature,
        // so the method can be identified right now.
        if (isLastArgument || (signatureFound && !hasDefaultCall)) {
            const auto func = node->referenceFunction();
            s << "overloadId = " << overloadData.functionNumber(func)
                << "; // " << func->minimalSignature() << '\n';
            return;
        }
    }

    bool isFirst = true;

    // If the next argument has a default value the decisor can perform a method call;
    // it just need to check if the number of arguments received from Python are equal
    // to the number of parameters preceding the argument with the default value.
    const OverloadDataList &children = node->children();
    if (hasDefaultCall) {
        isFirst = false;
        int numArgs = node->argPos() + 1;
        s << "if (numArgs == " << numArgs << ") {\n" << indent;
        auto func = referenceFunction;
        for (const auto &child : children) {
            const auto defValFunc = child->getFunctionWithDefaultValue();
            if (defValFunc) {
                func = defValFunc;
                break;
            }
        }
        s << "overloadId = " << overloadData.functionNumber(func)
            << "; // " << func->minimalSignature() << '\n' << outdent << '}';
    }

    for (auto child : children) {
        bool signatureFound = child->overloads().size() == 1
                                && !child->getFunctionWithDefaultValue()
                                && !child->findNextArgWithDefault();

        const auto refFunc = child->referenceFunction();

        QStringList typeChecks;

        QString pyArgName = (usePyArgs && maxArgs > 1)
            ? pythonArgsAt(child->argPos())
            : PYTHON_ARG;
        auto od = child;
        int startArg = od->argPos();
        int sequenceArgCount = 0;
        while (od && !od->argType().isVarargs()) {
            const bool typeReplacedByPyObject = od->isTypeModified()
                && od->modifiedArgType().name() == cPyObjectT;
            if (!typeReplacedByPyObject) {
                if (usePyArgs)
                    pyArgName = pythonArgsAt(od->argPos());
                StringStream tck(TextStream::Language::Cpp);
                auto func = od->referenceFunction();

                if (func->isConstructor() && func->arguments().size() == 1) {
                    AbstractMetaClassCPtr ownerClass = func->ownerClass();
                    ComplexTypeEntryCPtr baseContainerType = ownerClass->typeEntry()->baseContainerType();
                    if (baseContainerType && baseContainerType == func->arguments().constFirst().type().typeEntry()
                        && ownerClass->typeEntry()->isCopyable()) {
                        tck << '!' << cpythonCheckFunction(ownerClass->typeEntry())
                            << pyArgName << ")\n" << indent << "&& " << outdent;
                    }
                }
                writeTypeCheck(tck, od, pyArgName);
                typeChecks << tck.toString();
            }

            sequenceArgCount++;

            if (od->children().isEmpty()
                || od->nextArgumentHasDefaultValue()
                || od->children().size() != 1
                || od->overloads().size() != od->children().constFirst()->overloads().size()) {
                child = od;
                od = nullptr;
            } else {
                od = od->children().constFirst();
            }
        }

        if (usePyArgs && signatureFound) {
            AbstractMetaArgumentList args = refFunc->arguments();
            const bool isVarargs = args.size() > 1 && args.constLast().type().isVarargs();
            int numArgs = args.size() - OverloadData::numberOfRemovedArguments(refFunc);
            if (isVarargs)
                --numArgs;
            QString check = (isVarargs ? u"numArgs >= "_s : u"numArgs == "_s)
                            + QString::number(numArgs);
            typeChecks.prepend(check);
        } else if (usePyArgs && sequenceArgCount > 0) {
            typeChecks.prepend(u"numArgs >= "_s + QString::number(startArg + sequenceArgCount));
        } else if (refFunc->isOperatorOverload() && !refFunc->isCallOperator()) {
            QString check;
            if (!refFunc->isReverseOperator())
                check.append(u'!');
            check.append(u"isReverse"_s);
            typeChecks.prepend(check);
        }

        if (isFirst) {
            isFirst = false;
        } else {
            s << " else ";
        }
        s << "if (";
        if (typeChecks.isEmpty()) {
            s << "true";
        } else {
            s << indent << typeChecks.join(u"\n&& "_s) << outdent;
        }
        s << ") {\n" << indent;
        writeOverloadedFunctionDecisorEngine(s, overloadData, child.get());
        s << outdent << '}';
    }
    s << '\n';
}

void CppGenerator::writeFunctionCalls(TextStream &s, const OverloadData &overloadData,
                                      const GeneratorContext &context,
                                      ErrorReturn errorReturn) const
{
    const AbstractMetaFunctionCList &overloads = overloadData.overloads();
    s << "// Call function/method\n"
        << (overloads.size() > 1 ? "switch (overloadId) " : "") << "{\n" << indent;
    if (overloads.size() == 1) {
        writeSingleFunctionCall(s, overloadData, overloads.constFirst(), context,
                                errorReturn);
    } else {
        for (qsizetype i = 0; i < overloads.size(); ++i) {
            const auto &func = overloads.at(i);
            s << "case " << i << ": // " << func->signature() << "\n{\n" << indent;
            writeSingleFunctionCall(s, overloadData, func, context, errorReturn);
            s << "break;\n" << outdent << "}\n";
        }
    }
    s << outdent << "}\n";
}

static void writeDeprecationWarning(TextStream &s,
                                    const GeneratorContext &context,
                                    const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func,
                                    CppGenerator::ErrorReturn errorReturn)
{
    s << "Shiboken::Warnings::warnDeprecated(\"";
    if (const auto cls = context.metaClass())
        s << cls->name() << "\", ";
    // Check error in case "warning-as-error" is set.
    s << '"' << func->signature().replace(u"::"_s, u"."_s) << "\");\n"
        << "if (" << shibokenErrorsOccurred << ")\n"
        << indent << errorReturn << outdent;
}

void CppGenerator::writeSingleFunctionCall(TextStream &s,
                                           const OverloadData &overloadData,
                                           const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func,
                                           const GeneratorContext &context,
                                           ErrorReturn errorReturn) const
{
    if (func->isDeprecated())
        writeDeprecationWarning(s, context, func, errorReturn);

    if (func->functionType() == AbstractMetaFunction::EmptyFunction) {
        s << "Shiboken::Errors::setPrivateMethod(\""
          << func->signature().replace(u"::"_s, u"."_s) << "\");\n"
          << errorReturn;
        return;
    }

    const bool usePyArgs = overloadData.pythonFunctionWrapperUsesListOfArguments();

    // Handle named arguments.
    writeNamedArgumentResolution(s, func, usePyArgs, overloadData, context, errorReturn);

    bool injectCodeCallsFunc = injectedCodeCallsCppFunction(context, func);
    bool mayHaveUnunsedArguments = !func->isUserAdded() && func->hasInjectedCode() && injectCodeCallsFunc;
    int removedArgs = 0;

    const auto argCount = func->arguments().size();
    QList<qsizetype> indirections(argCount, 0);
    for (qsizetype argIdx = 0; argIdx < argCount; ++argIdx) {
        const bool hasConversionRule =
            func->hasConversionRule(TypeSystem::NativeCode, int(argIdx + 1));
        const AbstractMetaArgument &arg = func->arguments().at(argIdx);
        if (arg.isModifiedRemoved()) {
            if (!arg.defaultValueExpression().isEmpty()) {
                const QString cppArgRemoved = CPP_ARG_REMOVED(argIdx);
                s << getFullTypeName(arg.type()) << ' ' << cppArgRemoved;
                s << " = " << arg.defaultValueExpression() << ";\n"
                    << sbkUnusedVariableCast(cppArgRemoved);
            } else if (!injectCodeCallsFunc && !func->isUserAdded() && !hasConversionRule) {
                // When an argument is removed from a method signature and no other means of calling
                // the method are provided (as with code injection) the generator must abort.
                throw Exception(msgCannotCall(func, argIdx, injectCodeCallsFunc, hasConversionRule));
            }
            removedArgs++;
            continue;
        }
        if (hasConversionRule)
            continue;
        if (mayHaveUnunsedArguments && !func->injectedCodeUsesArgument(argIdx))
            continue;
        auto argType = getArgumentType(func, argIdx);
        int argPos = argIdx - removedArgs;
        QString pyArgName = usePyArgs ? pythonArgsAt(argPos) : PYTHON_ARG;
        indirections[argIdx] =
            writeArgumentConversion(s, argType, CPP_ARG_N(argPos), pyArgName, errorReturn,
                                    func->implementingClass(), arg.defaultValueExpression(),
                                    func->isUserAdded());
    }

    s << '\n';

    int numRemovedArgs = OverloadData::numberOfRemovedArguments(func);

    const bool hasArguments = !func->arguments().isEmpty();
    if (hasArguments) // Argument conversion error?
        s << "if (Shiboken::Errors::occurred() == nullptr) {\n" << indent;
    writeMethodCall(s, func, context,
                    overloadData.pythonFunctionWrapperUsesListOfArguments(),
                    func->arguments().size() - numRemovedArgs, indirections, errorReturn);

    if (!func->isConstructor())
        writeNoneReturn(s, func, overloadData.hasNonVoidReturnType());
    if (hasArguments)
        s << outdent << "}\n";
}

QString CppGenerator::cppToPythonFunctionName(const QString &sourceTypeName, QString targetTypeName)
{
    if (targetTypeName.isEmpty())
        targetTypeName = sourceTypeName;
    return sourceTypeName + u"_CppToPython_"_s + targetTypeName;
}

QString CppGenerator::pythonToCppFunctionName(const QString &sourceTypeName, const QString &targetTypeName)
{
    return sourceTypeName + u"_PythonToCpp_"_s + targetTypeName;
}
QString CppGenerator::pythonToCppFunctionName(const AbstractMetaType &sourceType, const AbstractMetaType &targetType)
{
    return pythonToCppFunctionName(fixedCppTypeName(sourceType), fixedCppTypeName(targetType));
}
QString CppGenerator::pythonToCppFunctionName(const TargetToNativeConversion &toNative,
                                              const TypeEntryCPtr &targetType)
{
    return pythonToCppFunctionName(fixedCppTypeName(toNative), fixedCppTypeName(targetType));
}

QString CppGenerator::convertibleToCppFunctionName(const QString &sourceTypeName, const QString &targetTypeName)
{
    return u"is_"_s + sourceTypeName + u"_PythonToCpp_"_s
            + targetTypeName + u"_Convertible"_s;
}
QString CppGenerator::convertibleToCppFunctionName(const AbstractMetaType &sourceType, const AbstractMetaType &targetType)
{
    return convertibleToCppFunctionName(fixedCppTypeName(sourceType), fixedCppTypeName(targetType));
}
QString CppGenerator::convertibleToCppFunctionName(const TargetToNativeConversion &toNative,
                                                   const TypeEntryCPtr &targetType)
{
    return convertibleToCppFunctionName(fixedCppTypeName(toNative), fixedCppTypeName(targetType));
}

void CppGenerator::writeCppToPythonFunction(TextStream &s, const QString &code, const QString &sourceTypeName,
                                            const QString &targetTypeName, bool withType) const
{

    QString prettyCode = code;
    const QString funcName = cppToPythonFunctionName(sourceTypeName, targetTypeName);
    processCodeSnip(prettyCode, funcName);

    s << "static PyObject *" << funcName <<'(';
    if (withType)
        s << "PyTypeObject *pyType, ";
    s << "const void *cppIn)\n{\n" << indent << prettyCode
        << ensureEndl << outdent << "}\n";
}

static QString writeCppInRef(const QString &typeName, bool constRef)
{
    QString result;
    QTextStream str(&result);
    if (constRef)
        str << "const ";
    str << "auto &cppInRef = *reinterpret_cast<";
    if (constRef)
        str << "const ";
    str << typeName << " *>("
        << (constRef ? "cppIn" : "const_cast<void *>(cppIn)") << ");";
    return result;
}

static void replaceCppToPythonVariables(QString &code, const QString &typeName,
                                        bool constRef = false)
{
    CodeSnipAbstract::prependCode(&code, writeCppInRef(typeName, constRef));
    code.replace(u"%INTYPE"_s, typeName);
    code.replace(u"%OUTTYPE"_s, u"PyObject *"_s);
    code.replace(u"%in"_s, u"cppInRef"_s);
    code.replace(u"%out"_s, u"pyOut"_s);
}

void CppGenerator::writeCppToPythonFunction(TextStream &s,
                                            const CustomConversionPtr &customConversion) const
{
    QString code = customConversion->nativeToTargetConversion();
    auto ownerType = customConversion->ownerType();
    const bool constRef = !ownerType->isPrimitive(); // PyCapsule needs a non-const ref
    replaceCppToPythonVariables(code, getFullTypeName(ownerType), constRef);
    writeCppToPythonFunction(s, code, fixedCppTypeName(customConversion->ownerType()));
}

QString CppGenerator::containerNativeToTargetTypeName(const ContainerTypeEntryCPtr &type)
{
    QString result = type->targetLangApiName();
    if (result != cPyObjectT) {
        result = containerCpythonBaseName(type);
        if (result == cPySequenceT)
            result = cPyListT;
    }
    return result;
}

void CppGenerator::writeCppToPythonFunction(TextStream &s, const AbstractMetaType &containerType) const
{
    Q_ASSERT(containerType.typeEntry()->isContainer());
    auto cte = std::static_pointer_cast<const ContainerTypeEntry>(containerType.typeEntry());
    if (!cte->hasCustomConversion()) {
        QString m;
        QTextStream(&m) << "Can't write the C++ to Python conversion function for container type '"
             << containerType.typeEntry()->qualifiedCppName()
             << "' - no conversion rule was defined for it in the type system.";
        throw Exception(m);
    }
    const auto customConversion = cte->customConversion();
    QString code = customConversion->nativeToTargetConversion();
    for (qsizetype i = 0; i < containerType.instantiations().size(); ++i) {
        const AbstractMetaType &type = containerType.instantiations().at(i);
        QString typeName = getFullTypeName(type);
        if (type.isConstant())
            typeName = u"const "_s + typeName;
        code.replace(u"%INTYPE_"_s + QString::number(i), typeName);
    }
    replaceCppToPythonVariables(code, getFullTypeNameWithoutModifiers(containerType), true);
    processCodeSnip(code, containerType.typeEntry()->qualifiedCppName());
    writeCppToPythonFunction(s, code, fixedCppTypeName(containerType),
                             containerNativeToTargetTypeName(cte));
}

void CppGenerator::writePythonToCppFunction(TextStream &s, const QString &code, const QString &sourceTypeName,
                                            const QString &targetTypeName) const
{
    QString prettyCode = code;
    const QString funcName = pythonToCppFunctionName(sourceTypeName, targetTypeName);
    processCodeSnip(prettyCode, funcName);
    s << "static void " << funcName
        << "(PyObject *pyIn, void *cppOut)\n{\n" << indent << prettyCode
        << ensureEndl << outdent << "}\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeIsPythonConvertibleToCppFunction(TextStream &s,
                                                         const QString &sourceTypeName,
                                                         const QString &targetTypeName,
                                                         const QString &condition,
                                                         QString pythonToCppFuncName,
                                                         bool acceptNoneAsCppNull)
{
    if (pythonToCppFuncName.isEmpty())
        pythonToCppFuncName = pythonToCppFunctionName(sourceTypeName, targetTypeName);

    s << "static PythonToCppFunc " << convertibleToCppFunctionName(sourceTypeName, targetTypeName);
    s << "(PyObject *pyIn)\n{\n" << indent;
    if (acceptNoneAsCppNull) {
        s << "if (pyIn == Py_None)\n" << indent
            << "return Shiboken::Conversions::nonePythonToCppNullPtr;\n" << outdent;
    } else {
        if (!condition.contains(u"pyIn"))
            s << sbkUnusedVariableCast("pyIn");
    }

    const bool useBrace = condition.contains(u'\n');
    s << "if (" << condition << ')';
    if (useBrace)
        s<< " {";
    s << '\n' << indent
      << "return " << pythonToCppFuncName << ";\n" << outdent;
    if (useBrace)
        s<< "}\n";
    s << "return {};\n" << outdent << "}\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writePythonToCppConversionFunctions(TextStream &s,
                                                       const AbstractMetaType &sourceType,
                                                       const AbstractMetaType &targetType,
                                                       QString typeCheck,
                                                       QString conversion,
                                                       const QString &preConversion) const
{
    QString sourcePyType = cpythonTypeNameExt(sourceType);

    // Python to C++ conversion function.
    StringStream c(TextStream::Language::Cpp);
    if (conversion.isEmpty())
        conversion = u'*' + cpythonWrapperCPtr(sourceType, u"pyIn"_s);
    if (!preConversion.isEmpty())
        c << preConversion << '\n';
    const QString fullTypeName = targetType.isSmartPointer()
        ? targetType.cppSignature()
        : getFullTypeName(targetType.typeEntry());
    c << "*reinterpret_cast<" << fullTypeName << " *>(cppOut) = "
        << fullTypeName << '('
        << (sourceType.useStdMove() ? stdMove(conversion) : conversion)
        << ");";
    QString sourceTypeName = fixedCppTypeName(sourceType);
    QString targetTypeName = fixedCppTypeName(targetType);
    writePythonToCppFunction(s, c.toString(), sourceTypeName, targetTypeName);

    // Python to C++ convertible check function.
    if (typeCheck.isEmpty())
        typeCheck = u"PyObject_TypeCheck(pyIn, "_s + sourcePyType + u')';
    writeIsPythonConvertibleToCppFunction(s, sourceTypeName, targetTypeName, typeCheck);
    s << '\n';
}

void CppGenerator::writePythonToCppConversionFunctions(TextStream &s,
                                                      const TargetToNativeConversion &toNative,
                                                      const TypeEntryCPtr &targetType) const
{
    // Python to C++ conversion function.
    QString code = toNative.conversion();
    QString inType;
    if (toNative.sourceType())
        inType = cpythonTypeNameExt(toNative.sourceType());
    else
        inType = u'(' + toNative.sourceTypeName() + u"_TypeF())"_s;
    code.replace(u"%INTYPE"_s, inType);
    code.replace(u"%OUTTYPE"_s, targetType->qualifiedCppName());
    code.replace(u"%in"_s, u"pyIn"_s);
    code.replace(u"%out"_s,
                 u"*reinterpret_cast<"_s + getFullTypeName(targetType) + u" *>(cppOut)"_s);

    QString sourceTypeName = fixedCppTypeName(toNative);
    QString targetTypeName = fixedCppTypeName(targetType);
    writePythonToCppFunction(s, code, sourceTypeName, targetTypeName);

    // Python to C++ convertible check function.
    QString typeCheck = toNative.sourceTypeCheckFallback();
    if (typeCheck.isEmpty()) {
        if (!toNative.sourceType() || toNative.sourceType()->isPrimitive()) {
            QString m;
            QTextStream(&m) << "User added implicit conversion for C++ type '" << targetType->qualifiedCppName()
                << "' must provide either an input type check function or a non primitive type entry.";
            throw Exception(m);
        }
        typeCheck = u"PyObject_TypeCheck(%in, "_s
                    + cpythonTypeNameExt(toNative.sourceType()) + u')';
    }
    processTypeCheckCodeSnip(typeCheck, targetType->qualifiedCppName());
    writeIsPythonConvertibleToCppFunction(s, sourceTypeName, targetTypeName, typeCheck);
}

void CppGenerator::writePythonToCppConversionFunctions(TextStream &s,
                                                       const AbstractMetaType &templateType) const
{
    const auto customConversion = CustomConversion::getCustomConversion(templateType.typeEntry());
    if (customConversion) {
        const auto &conversions = customConversion->targetToNativeConversions();
        for (const auto &conv : conversions)
            writePythonToCppConversionFunction(s, templateType, conv);
    }
}

void CppGenerator::writePythonToCppConversionFunction(TextStream &s,
                                                      const AbstractMetaType &templateType,
                                                      const TargetToNativeConversion &conv) const
{
    // Python to C++ convertible check function.
    QString typeName = fixedCppTypeName(templateType);
    // Check fallback is too broad for containers that need elements of same type
    QString typeCheck = templateType.isContainer()
        ? conv.sourceTypeCheck() : conv.sourceTypeCheckFallback();
    if (typeCheck.isEmpty()) {
        typeCheck = cpythonCheckFunction(templateType);
        if (typeCheck.isEmpty())
            typeCheck = u"false"_s;
        else
            typeCheck = typeCheck + u"pyIn)"_s;
    }

    // Python to C++ conversion function.
    QString cppTypeName = getFullTypeNameWithoutModifiers(templateType);
    QString code = conv.conversion();
    const QString line = u"auto &cppOutRef = *reinterpret_cast<"_s
        + cppTypeName + u" *>(cppOut);"_s;
    CodeSnipAbstract::prependCode(&code, line);
    for (qsizetype i = 0; i < templateType.instantiations().size(); ++i) {
        const AbstractMetaType &type = templateType.instantiations().at(i);
        QString instTypeName = getFullTypeName(type);
        // Containers of opaque containers are not handled here.
        const auto generatorArg = GeneratorArgument::fromMetaType(type);
        if (generatorArg.indirections > 0 && !type.generateOpaqueContainer()) {
            for (qsizetype pos = 0; ; ) {
                const QRegularExpressionMatch match = convertToCppRegEx().match(code, pos);
                if (!match.hasMatch())
                    break;
                pos = match.capturedEnd();
                const QString varName = match.captured(1);
                QString rightCode = code.mid(pos);
                rightCode.replace(varName, u'*' + varName);
                code.replace(pos, code.size() - pos, rightCode);
            }
            instTypeName.append(" *"_L1);
        }
        const QString var = "%OUTTYPE_"_L1 + QString::number(i);
        code.replace(var, instTypeName);
        typeCheck.replace(var, instTypeName);
    }
    code.replace(u"%OUTTYPE"_s, cppTypeName);
    code.replace(u"%in"_s, u"pyIn"_s);
    code.replace(u"%out"_s, u"cppOutRef"_s);
    const QString &sourceTypeName = conv.sourceTypeName();
    writePythonToCppFunction(s, code, sourceTypeName, typeName);

    processTypeCheckCodeSnip(typeCheck, typeName); // needs %OUTTYPE_[n]
    writeIsPythonConvertibleToCppFunction(s, sourceTypeName, typeName, typeCheck);
    s << '\n';
}

static void writeSetConverterFunction(TextStream &s,
                                      const char *function,
                                      const QString &converterVar,
                                      const QString &pythonToCppFunc,
                                      const QString &isConvertibleFunc)
{
    s << "Shiboken::Conversions::" << function << '(' << converterVar << ',' << '\n'
        << indent << pythonToCppFunc << ',' << '\n' << isConvertibleFunc
        << outdent << ");\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeAddPythonToCppConversion(TextStream &s, const QString &converterVar,
                                                 const QString &pythonToCppFunc,
                                                 const QString &isConvertibleFunc)
{
    writeSetConverterFunction(s, "addPythonToCppValueConversion",
                              converterVar, pythonToCppFunc, isConvertibleFunc);
}

void CppGenerator::writeSetPythonToCppPointerConversion(TextStream &s,
                                                        const QString &converterVar,
                                                        const QString &pythonToCppFunc,
                                                        const QString &isConvertibleFunc)
{
    writeSetConverterFunction(s, "setPythonToCppPointerFunctions",
                              converterVar, pythonToCppFunc, isConvertibleFunc);
}

// PYSIDE-1986: Some QObject derived classes, (QVBoxLayout) do not have default
// arguments, which breaks setting properties by named arguments. Force the
// handling code to be generated nevertheless for applicable widget classes,
// so that the mechanism of falling through to the error handling to set
// the properties works nevertheless.
static bool forceQObjectNamedArguments(const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func)
{
    if (func->functionType() != AbstractMetaFunction::ConstructorFunction)
        return false;
    const auto owner = func->ownerClass();
    Q_ASSERT(owner);
    if (!isQObject(owner))
        return false;
    const QString &name = owner->name();
    return name == u"QVBoxLayout" || name == u"QHBoxLayout"
        || name == u"QSplitterHandle" || name == u"QSizeGrip";
}

void CppGenerator::writeNamedArgumentResolution(TextStream &s,
                                                const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func,
                                                bool usePyArgs,
                                                const OverloadData &overloadData,
                                                const GeneratorContext &classContext,
                                                ErrorReturn errorReturn)
{
    const AbstractMetaArgumentList &args = OverloadData::getArgumentsWithDefaultValues(func);
    const bool hasDefaultArguments = !args.isEmpty();
    const bool force = !hasDefaultArguments && usePySideExtensions()
        && forceQObjectNamedArguments(func);
    if (!hasDefaultArguments && !force) {
        if (overloadData.hasArgumentWithDefaultValue()) {
            // PySide-535: Allow for empty dict instead of nullptr in PyPy
            s << "if (kwds != nullptr && PyDict_Size(kwds) > 0) {\n" << indent
                << "errInfo.reset(kwds);\n"
                << "Py_INCREF(errInfo.object());\n"
                << "return " << returnErrorWrongArguments(overloadData, classContext, errorReturn)
                << ";\n" << outdent << "}\n";
        }
        return;
    }

    Q_ASSERT(usePyArgs);

    const auto count = args.size();
    // PySide-535: Allow for empty dict instead of nullptr in PyPy
    s << "if (kwds && PyDict_Size(kwds) > 0)"; //  {\n" << indent;
    if (count == 0) {
        s << indent << "\nerrInfo.reset(PyDict_Copy(kwds));\n" << outdent;
        return;
    }
    s << " {\n" << indent
        << "static const Shiboken::ArgumentNameIndexMapping mapping[" << count << "] = {";
    for (qsizetype i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        const auto &arg = args.at(i);
        const int pyArgIndex = arg.argumentIndex()
                - OverloadData::numberOfRemovedArguments(func, arg.argumentIndex());
        if (i > 0)
            s << ", ";
        s << "{\"" << arg.name() << "\", " << pyArgIndex << '}';
    }

    s << "};\n";

    const char *mappingFunc = func->isConstructor() && isQObject(func->ownerClass())
        ? "parseConstructorKeywordArguments" : "parseKeywordArguments";
    s << "if (!Shiboken::" << mappingFunc << "(kwds, mapping, "
        << count << ", errInfo, " << PYTHON_ARGS << ')' << indent;
    for (qsizetype i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        const auto &arg = args.at(i);
        const int pyArgIndex = arg.argumentIndex()
                - OverloadData::numberOfRemovedArguments(func, arg.argumentIndex());
        const auto &type = arg.modifiedType();
        const QString pyArgName = pythonArgsAt(pyArgIndex);
        s << "\n|| ";
        s << '(' << pyArgName << " != nullptr && !";
        writeTypeCheck(s, type, pyArgName, isNumber(type.typeEntry()), {});
        s << ')';
    }
    s << outdent << ") {\n" << indent
        << "Py_XINCREF(errInfo.object());\n" // PYSIDE-3133, 0 if conversion fails
        << "return " << returnErrorWrongArguments(overloadData, classContext, errorReturn)
        << ';' << outdent << "\n}\n";;

    // PYSIDE-1305: Handle keyword args correctly.
    // Normal functions handle their parameters immediately.
    // For constructors that are QObject, we need to delay that
    // until extra keyword signals and properties are handled.
    s << outdent << "}\n";
}

QString CppGenerator::argumentNameFromIndex(const ApiExtractorResult &api,
                                            const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func, int argIndex)
{
    switch (argIndex) {
    case -1:
        return PYTHON_SELF_VAR;
    case 0:
        return PYTHON_RETURN_VAR;
    case 1: // Single argument?
        if (!func->isConstructor()) {
            OverloadData data(getFunctionGroups(func->implementingClass()).value(func->name()), api);
            if (!data.pythonFunctionWrapperUsesListOfArguments())
                return PYTHON_ARG;
        }
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
    return pythonArgsAt(argIndex - 1);
}

AbstractMetaClassCPtr
CppGenerator::argumentClassFromIndex(const ApiExtractorResult &api,
                                     const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func, int argIndex)
{
    if (argIndex == -1)
        return func->implementingClass();

    AbstractMetaType type;
    if (argIndex == 0) {
        type = func->type();
    } else {
        const int arg = argIndex - 1;
        const int realIndex = arg - OverloadData::numberOfRemovedArguments(func, arg);
        type = func->arguments().at(realIndex).type();
    }

    if (type.typeEntry()->isContainer()) {
        // only support containers with 1 type
        if (type.instantiations().size() == 1)
            type = type.instantiations().constFirst();
    }

    auto te = type.typeEntry();
    if (type.isVoid() || !te->isComplex())
        throw Exception(msgInvalidArgumentModification(func, argIndex));
    const auto result = AbstractMetaClass::findClass(api.classes(), te);
    if (!result)
        throw Exception(msgClassNotFound(te));
    return result;
}

const char tryBlock[] = R"(
PyObject *errorType{};
PyObject *errorString{};
try {
)";

const char defaultExceptionHandling[] = R"(} catch (const std::exception &e) {
    errorType = PyExc_RuntimeError;
    errorString = Shiboken::String::fromCString(e.what());
} catch (...) {
    errorType = PyExc_RuntimeError;
    errorString = Shiboken::Messages::unknownException();
}
)";

const char propagateException[] = R"(
if (errorType != nullptr)
    PyErr_SetObject(errorType, errorString);
)";

static QString explicitConversion(const QString &v, const AbstractMetaType &t)
{
    return t.plainType().cppSignature() + u'(' + v + u')';
}

void CppGenerator::writeMethodCall(TextStream &s, const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func,
                                   const GeneratorContext &context, bool usesPyArgs,
                                   int maxArgs,
                                   const QList<qsizetype> &argumentIndirections,
                                   ErrorReturn errorReturn) const
{
    s << "// " << func->minimalSignature() << (func->isReverseOperator() ? " [reverse operator]": "") << '\n';
    if (func->isConstructor()) {
        const CodeSnipList &snips = func->injectedCodeSnips();
        for (const CodeSnip &cs : snips) {
            if (cs.position == TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionEnd) {
                auto klass = func->ownerClass();
                s << "overloadId = "
                  << klass->functions().indexOf(func)
                  << ";\n";
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    if (func->isAbstract()) {
        s << "if (Shiboken::Object::hasCppWrapper(reinterpret_cast<SbkObject *>(self))) {\n"
            << indent << "Shiboken::Errors::setPureVirtualMethodError(\""
            << func->ownerClass()->name() << '.' << func->name() << "\");\n"
            << errorReturn << outdent << "}\n";
    }

    // Used to provide contextual information to custom code writer function.
    const AbstractMetaArgument *lastArg = nullptr;

    CodeSnipList snips;
    if (func->hasInjectedCode()) {
        snips = func->injectedCodeSnips();

        // Find the last argument available in the method call to provide
        // the injected code writer with information to avoid invalid replacements
        // on the %# variable.
        if (maxArgs > 0 && maxArgs < func->arguments().size() - OverloadData::numberOfRemovedArguments(func)) {
            int removedArgs = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < maxArgs + removedArgs; i++) {
                if (func->arguments().at(i).isModifiedRemoved())
                    removedArgs++;
            }
        } else if (maxArgs != 0 && !func->arguments().isEmpty()) {
            lastArg = &func->arguments().constLast();
        }

        writeCodeSnips(s, snips, TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionBeginning, TypeSystem::TargetLangCode, func,
                       usesPyArgs, lastArg);
    }

    writeConversionRule(s, func, TypeSystem::NativeCode, usesPyArgs);

    bool generateExceptionHandling = false;

    if (!func->isUserAdded()) {
        QStringList userArgs;
        if (func->functionType() != AbstractMetaFunction::CopyConstructorFunction) {
            int removedArgs = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < maxArgs + removedArgs; i++) {
                const AbstractMetaArgument &arg = func->arguments().at(i);
                const bool hasConversionRule =
                    func->hasConversionRule(TypeSystem::NativeCode, arg.argumentIndex() + 1);
                if (arg.isModifiedRemoved()) {
                    // If some argument with default value is removed from a
                    // method signature, the said value must be explicitly
                    // added to the method call.
                    removedArgs++;

                    // If have conversion rules I will use this for removed args
                    if (hasConversionRule)
                        userArgs << arg.name() + CONV_RULE_OUT_VAR_SUFFIX;
                    else if (!arg.defaultValueExpression().isEmpty())
                        userArgs.append(CPP_ARG_REMOVED(i));
                } else {
                    if (hasConversionRule) {
                        userArgs.append(arg.name() + CONV_RULE_OUT_VAR_SUFFIX);
                    } else {
                        const int idx = arg.argumentIndex() - removedArgs;
                        const auto deRef = argumentIndirections.at(i);
                        QString argName = AbstractMetaType::dereferencePrefix(deRef)
                                          + CPP_ARG_N(idx);
                        userArgs.append(argName);
                    }
                }
                // "Pass unique ptr by value" pattern: Apply std::move()
                auto type = arg.type();
                if (type.useStdMove())
                    userArgs.last() = stdMove(userArgs.constLast());
                else if (type.viewOn() != nullptr)
                    userArgs.last() = explicitConversion(userArgs.constLast(), type);
            }

            // If any argument's default value was modified the method must be called
            // with this new value whenever the user doesn't pass an explicit value to it.
            // Also, any unmodified default value coming after the last user specified
            // argument and before the modified argument must be explicitly stated.
            QStringList otherArgs;
            bool otherArgsModified = false;
            bool argsClear = true;
            for (auto i = func->arguments().size() - 1; i >= maxArgs + removedArgs; i--) {
                const AbstractMetaArgument &arg = func->arguments().at(i);
                const bool defValModified = arg.hasModifiedDefaultValueExpression();
                const bool hasConversionRule =
                    func->hasConversionRule(TypeSystem::NativeCode, arg.argumentIndex() + 1);
                if (argsClear && !defValModified && !hasConversionRule)
                    continue;
                argsClear = false;
                otherArgsModified |= defValModified || hasConversionRule || arg.isModifiedRemoved();
                if (hasConversionRule)
                    otherArgs.prepend(arg.name() + CONV_RULE_OUT_VAR_SUFFIX);
                else
                    otherArgs.prepend(CPP_ARG_REMOVED(i));
            }
            if (otherArgsModified)
                userArgs << otherArgs;
        }

        bool isCtor = false;
        StringStream mc(TextStream::Language::Cpp);

        StringStream uva(TextStream::Language::Cpp);
        if (func->isOperatorOverload() && !func->isCallOperator()) {
            QString firstArg(u'(');
            if (!func->isPointerOperator()) // no de-reference operator
                firstArg += u'*';
            firstArg += CPP_SELF_VAR;
            firstArg += u')';
            QString secondArg = CPP_ARG0;
            if (!func->isUnaryOperator())
                AbstractMetaType::applyDereference(&secondArg, argumentIndirections.at(0));

            if (func->isUnaryOperator())
                std::swap(firstArg, secondArg);

            QString op = func->originalName();
            op.remove(0, int(std::strlen("operator")));

            if (func->isBinaryOperator()) {
                if (func->isReverseOperator())
                    std::swap(firstArg, secondArg);

                // Emulate operator+=/-= (__iadd__, __isub__) by using ++/--
                if (((op == u"++") || (op == u"--")) && !func->isReverseOperator())  {
                    s  << "\nfor (int i = 0; i < " << secondArg
                        << "; ++i, " << op << firstArg << ");\n";
                    mc << firstArg;
                } else {
                    mc << firstArg << ' ' << op << ' ' << secondArg;
                }
            } else {
                mc << op << ' ' << secondArg;
            }
        } else if (!injectedCodeCallsCppFunction(context, func)) {
            if (func->isConstructor()) {
                isCtor = true;
                const auto owner = func->ownerClass();
                Q_ASSERT(owner == context.metaClass());
                if (func->functionType() == AbstractMetaFunction::CopyConstructorFunction
                    && maxArgs == 1) {
                    mc << "new " << globalScopePrefix(context) << context.effectiveClassName()
                        << "(*" << CPP_ARG0 << ')';
                } else {
                    const QString ctorCall = context.effectiveClassName() + u'('
                                             + userArgs.join(u", "_s) + u')';
                    if (usePySideExtensions() && isQObject(owner)) {
                        s << "void *addr = PySide::nextQObjectMemoryAddr();\n";
                        uva << "if (addr != nullptr) {\n" << indent
                            << "cptr = new (addr) " << globalScopePrefix(context) << ctorCall
                            << ";\nPySide::setNextQObjectMemoryAddr(nullptr);\n" << outdent
                            << "} else {\n" << indent
                            << "cptr = new " << globalScopePrefix(context) << ctorCall << ";\n"
                            << outdent << "}\n";
                    } else {
                        mc << "new " << globalScopePrefix(context) << ctorCall;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                QString methodCallClassName;
                if (context.forSmartPointer())
                    methodCallClassName = context.preciseType().cppSignature();
                else if (func->ownerClass())
                    methodCallClassName = func->ownerClass()->qualifiedCppName();

                if (auto ownerClass = func->ownerClass()) {
                    const bool hasWrapper = shouldGenerateCppWrapper(ownerClass);
                    if (!avoidProtectedHack() || !func->isProtected() || !hasWrapper) {
                        if (func->isStatic()) {
                            mc << m_gsp << methodCallClassName << "::";
                        } else {
                            const QString cppSelfVar = CPP_SELF_VAR;
                            const QString selfVarCast = func->ownerClass() == func->implementingClass()
                                ? cppSelfVar
                                : u"reinterpret_cast<"_s + methodCallClassName
                                  + u" *>("_s + cppSelfVar + u')';
                            if (func->isConstant()) {
                                if (avoidProtectedHack()) {
                                    mc << "const_cast<const " << globalScopePrefix(context);
                                    if (ownerClass->cppWrapper().testFlag(AbstractMetaClass::CppProtectedHackWrapper)) {
                                        // PYSIDE-500: Need a special wrapper cast when inherited
                                        const QString selfWrapCast = ownerClass == func->implementingClass()
                                            ? cppSelfVar
                                            : u"reinterpret_cast<"_s + wrapperName(ownerClass)
                                              + u" *>("_s + cppSelfVar + u')';
                                        mc << wrapperName(ownerClass);
                                        mc << " *>(" << selfWrapCast << ")->";
                                    }
                                    else {
                                        mc << methodCallClassName;
                                        mc << " *>(" << selfVarCast << ")->";
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    mc << "const_cast<const " << m_gsp << methodCallClassName;
                                    mc <<  " *>(" << selfVarCast << ")->";
                                }
                            } else {
                                mc << selfVarCast << "->";
                            }
                        }

                        if (!func->isAbstract() && func->isVirtual())
                            mc << "::%CLASS_NAME::";

                        mc << func->originalName();
                    } else {
                        if (!func->isStatic()) {
                            const bool directInheritance = context.metaClass() == ownerClass;
                            mc << (directInheritance ? "static_cast" : "reinterpret_cast")
                               << '<' << wrapperName(ownerClass) << " *>("
                               << CPP_SELF_VAR << ")->";
                        }

                        if (!func->isAbstract())
                            mc << (func->isProtected() ? wrapperName(func->ownerClass()) :
                                                         m_gsp + methodCallClassName) << "::";
                        mc << func->originalName() << "_protected";
                    }
                } else {
                    mc << func->originalName();
                }
                mc << '(' << userArgs.join(u", "_s) << ')';
                if (!func->isAbstract() && func->isVirtual()) {
                    if (!avoidProtectedHack() || !func->isProtected()) {
                        QString virtualCall = mc;
                        QString normalCall = virtualCall;
                        virtualCall.replace(u"%CLASS_NAME"_s,
                                            methodCallClassName);
                        normalCall.remove(u"::%CLASS_NAME::"_s);
                        mc.clear();
                        mc << "Shiboken::Object::hasCppWrapper(reinterpret_cast<SbkObject *>(self))\n"
                            << "    ? " << virtualCall << '\n'
                            << "    : " <<  normalCall;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if (!injectedCodeCallsCppFunction(context, func)) {
            const bool allowThread = func->allowThread();
            generateExceptionHandling = func->generateExceptionHandling();
            if (generateExceptionHandling) {
                s << tryBlock << indent;
                if (allowThread) {
                    s << "Shiboken::ThreadStateSaver threadSaver;\n"
                        << "threadSaver.save();\n";
                }
            } else if (allowThread) {
                s << BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS << '\n';
            }
            if (isCtor) {
                if (uva.size() > 0)
                    s << uva.toString() << '\n';
                else
                    s << "cptr = " << mc.toString() << ";\n";
            } else if (!func->isVoid() && !func->isInplaceOperator()) {
                bool writeReturnType = true;
                if (avoidProtectedHack()) {
                    auto metaEnum = api().findAbstractMetaEnum(func->type().typeEntry());
                    if (metaEnum.has_value()) {
                        QString enumName;
                        if (metaEnum->isProtected()) {
                            enumName = context.wrapperName() + u"::"_s
                                       + metaEnum.value().name();
                        } else {
                            enumName = func->type().cppSignature();
                        }
                        const QString methodCall = enumName + u'('
                                                   + mc.toString() + u')';
                        mc.clear();
                        mc << methodCall;
                        s << enumName;
                        writeReturnType = false;
                    }
                }
                QString methodCall = mc.toString();
                if (writeReturnType) {
                    s << func->type().cppSignature();
                    if (func->type().isObjectTypeUsedAsValueType()) {
                        s << '*';
                        methodCall = u"new "_s
                                     + func->type().typeEntry()->qualifiedCppName()
                                     + u'(' + mc.toString() + u')';
                    }
                }
                s << " " << CPP_RETURN_VAR << " = " << methodCall << ";\n";
            } else {
                s << mc.toString() << ";\n";
            }

            if (allowThread) {
                s << (generateExceptionHandling
                      ? u"threadSaver.restore();"_s : END_ALLOW_THREADS) << '\n';
            }

            // Convert result
            const auto funcType = func->type();
            if (func->hasConversionRule(TypeSystem::TargetLangCode, 0)) {
                writeConversionRule(s, func, TypeSystem::TargetLangCode,
                                    PYTHON_RETURN_VAR);
            } else if (!isCtor && !func->isInplaceOperator() && !func->isVoid()
                && !func->injectedCodeHasReturnValueAttribution(TypeSystem::TargetLangCode)) {
                if (func->type().isObjectTypeUsedAsValueType()) {
                    s << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << " = Shiboken::Object::newObject("
                        << cpythonTypeNameExt(func->type().typeEntry())
                        << ", " << CPP_RETURN_VAR << ", true, true)";
                } else if (func->generateOpaqueContainerReturn()) {
                    const QString creationFunc = opaqueContainerCreationFunc(funcType);
                    writeOpaqueContainerCreationFuncDecl(s, creationFunc, funcType);
                    s << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << " = " << creationFunc
                        << "(&" << CPP_RETURN_VAR << ");\n";
                } else {
                    s << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << " = ";
                    writeToPythonConversion(s, funcType, func->ownerClass(),
                                            CPP_RETURN_VAR);
                }
                s << ";\n";
            }

            if (generateExceptionHandling) { // "catch" code
                s << outdent << defaultExceptionHandling;
            }
        } // !injected code calls C++ function
    } // !userAdded

    if (func->hasInjectedCode() && !func->isConstructor())
        writeCodeSnips(s, snips, TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionEnd,
                       TypeSystem::TargetLangCode, func, usesPyArgs, lastArg);

    bool hasReturnPolicy = false;

    // Ownership transference between C++ and Python.
    QList<ArgumentModification> ownership_mods;
    // Python object reference management.
    QList<ArgumentModification> refcount_mods;
    for (const auto &func_mod : func->modifications()) {
        for (const ArgumentModification &arg_mod : func_mod.argument_mods()) {
            if (arg_mod.targetOwnerShip() != TypeSystem::UnspecifiedOwnership)
                ownership_mods.append(arg_mod);
            else if (!arg_mod.referenceCounts().isEmpty())
                refcount_mods.append(arg_mod);
        }
    }

    // If there's already a setParent(return, me), don't use the return heuristic!
    if (func->argumentOwner(func->ownerClass(), -1).index == 0)
        hasReturnPolicy = true;

    if (!ownership_mods.isEmpty()) {
        s  << '\n' << "// Ownership transferences.\n";
        for (const ArgumentModification &arg_mod : std::as_const(ownership_mods)) {
            const int argIndex = arg_mod.index();
            const QString pyArgName = argumentNameFromIndex(api(), func, argIndex);

            if (argIndex == 0 || arg_mod.owner().index == 0)
                hasReturnPolicy = true;

            // The default ownership does nothing. This is useful to avoid automatic heuristically
            // based generation of code defining parenting.
            const auto ownership = arg_mod.targetOwnerShip();
            if (ownership == TypeSystem::DefaultOwnership)
                continue;

            s << "Shiboken::Object::";
            if (ownership == TypeSystem::TargetLangOwnership) {
                s << "getOwnership(" << pyArgName << ");";
            } else if (auto ac = argumentClassFromIndex(api(), func, argIndex);
                       ac && ac->hasVirtualDestructor()) {
                s << "releaseOwnership(" << pyArgName << ");";
            } else {
                s << "invalidate(" << pyArgName << ");";
            }
            s << '\n';
        }

    } else if (!refcount_mods.isEmpty()) {
        for (const ArgumentModification &arg_mod : std::as_const(refcount_mods)) {
            ReferenceCount refCount = arg_mod.referenceCounts().constFirst();
            if (refCount.action != ReferenceCount::Set
                && refCount.action != ReferenceCount::Remove
                && refCount.action != ReferenceCount::Add) {
                qCWarning(lcShiboken) << "\"set\", \"add\" and \"remove\" are the only values supported by Shiboken for action attribute of reference-count tag.";
                continue;
            }
            const int argIndex = arg_mod.index();
            const QString pyArgName = refCount.action == ReferenceCount::Remove
                ? u"Py_None"_s : argumentNameFromIndex(api(), func, argIndex);

            if (refCount.action == ReferenceCount::Add || refCount.action == ReferenceCount::Set)
                s << "Shiboken::Object::keepReference(";
            else
                s << "Shiboken::Object::removeReference(";

            s << "reinterpret_cast<SbkObject *>(self), \"";
            QString varName = arg_mod.referenceCounts().constFirst().varName;
            if (varName.isEmpty())
                varName = func->minimalSignature() + QString::number(argIndex);

            s << varName << "\", " << pyArgName
              << (refCount.action == ReferenceCount::Add ? ", true" : "")
              << ");\n";

            if (argIndex == 0)
                hasReturnPolicy = true;
        }
    }
    writeParentChildManagement(s, func, usesPyArgs, !hasReturnPolicy);

    if (generateExceptionHandling)
        s << propagateException;
}

QStringList CppGenerator::getAncestorMultipleInheritance(const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass)
{
    QStringList result;
    const auto &baseClases = metaClass->typeSystemBaseClasses();
    if (!baseClases.isEmpty()) {
        for (const auto &baseClass : baseClases) {
            QString offset;
            QTextStream(&offset) << "reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(static_cast<const "
                << baseClass->qualifiedCppName() << " *>(class_ptr)) - base";
            result.append(offset);
            offset.clear();
            QTextStream(&offset) << "reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(static_cast<const "
                << baseClass->qualifiedCppName() << " *>(static_cast<const "
                << metaClass->qualifiedCppName()
                << " *>(static_cast<const void *>(class_ptr)))) - base";
            result.append(offset);
        }

        for (const auto &baseClass : baseClases)
            result.append(getAncestorMultipleInheritance(baseClass));
    }
    return result;
}

void CppGenerator::writeMultipleInheritanceInitializerFunction(TextStream &s,
                                                               const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass)
{
    QString className = metaClass->qualifiedCppName();
    const QStringList ancestors = getAncestorMultipleInheritance(metaClass);
    s  << "int *\n"
        << multipleInheritanceInitializerFunctionName(metaClass) << "(const void *cptr)\n"
        << "{\n" << indent;
    s << "static int mi_offsets[] = {-2";
    for (qsizetype i = 0; i < ancestors.size(); i++)
        s << ", 0";
    s << "};\n"
        << "if (mi_offsets[0] == -2) {\n" << indent
        << "const auto *class_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const " << className << " *>(cptr);\n"
        << "const auto base = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(class_ptr);\n"
        << "int *p = mi_offsets;\n";

    for (const QString &ancestor : ancestors)
        s << "*p++ = int(" << ancestor << ");\n";
    s << "std::sort(mi_offsets, p);\n"
        << "auto *end = std::unique(mi_offsets, p);\n"
        << "*end++ = -1;\n"
        << "if (mi_offsets[0] == 0)\n"
        << indent
        << "std::memmove(&mi_offsets[0], &mi_offsets[1], (end - mi_offsets  - 1) * sizeof(int));\n"
        << outdent << outdent
        << "}\nreturn mi_offsets;\n" << outdent << "}\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeSpecialCastFunction(TextStream &s, const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass)
{
    QString className = metaClass->qualifiedCppName();
    s << "static void * " << cpythonSpecialCastFunctionName(metaClass)
        << "(void *obj, PyTypeObject *desiredType)\n{\n" << indent
        << "auto me = reinterpret_cast< " << m_gsp << className << " *>(obj);\n";
    bool firstClass = true;
    const auto &allAncestors = metaClass->allTypeSystemAncestors();
    for (const auto &baseClass : allAncestors) {
        if (!firstClass)
            s << "else ";
        s << "if (desiredType == " << cpythonTypeNameExt(baseClass->typeEntry())
            << ")\n" << indent
            << "return static_cast< " << getFullTypeName(baseClass) << " *>(me);\n"
            << outdent;
        firstClass = false;
    }
    s << "return me;\n" << outdent << "}\n\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writePrimitiveConverterInitialization(TextStream &s,
                                                         const CustomConversionPtr &customConversion)
{
    TypeEntryCPtr type = customConversion->ownerType();
    QString converter = converterObject(type);
    s << "// Register converter for type '" << type->qualifiedTargetLangName() << "'.\n"
        << converter << " = Shiboken::Conversions::createConverter(";
    if (!type->hasTargetLangApiType())
        s << "nullptr";
    else if (type->targetLangApiName() == cPyObjectT)
        s << "&PyBaseObject_Type";
    else
        s << '&' << type->targetLangApiName() << "_Type";
    QString typeName = fixedCppTypeName(type);
    s << ", " << cppToPythonFunctionName(typeName, typeName) << ");\n"
        << registerConverterName(type->qualifiedCppName(), converter);
    writeCustomConverterRegister(s, customConversion, converter);
}

void CppGenerator::writeEnumConverterInitialization(TextStream &s, const AbstractMetaEnum &metaEnum)
{
    if (metaEnum.isPrivate() || metaEnum.isAnonymous())
        return;
    EnumTypeEntryCPtr enumType = metaEnum.typeEntry();
    Q_ASSERT(enumType);

    static const char enumPythonVar[] = "EType";

    s << "// Register converter for enum '" << enumType->qualifiedCppName()
        << "'.\n{\n" << indent;

    const QString typeName = fixedCppTypeName(enumType);
    s << "SbkConverter *converter = Shiboken::Conversions::createConverter("
        << enumPythonVar << ',' << '\n' << indent
        << cppToPythonFunctionName(typeName, enumConverterPythonType) << ");\n" << outdent;

    QString toCpp = pythonToCppFunctionName(enumConverterPythonType, typeName);
    const QString isConv = convertibleToCppFunctionName(enumConverterPythonType, typeName);
    writeAddPythonToCppConversion(s, u"converter"_s, toCpp, isConv);
    s << registerConverterName(enumType->qualifiedCppName(), {},
                               registerConverterName::PartiallyQualifiedAliases);

    QString flagsConverter = "nullptr"_L1;
    if (auto flags = enumType->flags()) {
        flagsConverter = "flagsConverter"_L1;
        toCpp = pythonToCppFunctionName(flagsConverterPythonType, typeName);
        s << "SbkConverter *" << flagsConverter
            << " = Shiboken::Conversions::createConverter("
            << enumPythonVar << ',' << '\n' << indent
            << cppToPythonFunctionName(typeName, flagsConverterPythonType)
            << ");\n" << outdent;
        writeAddPythonToCppConversion(s, flagsConverter, toCpp, isConv);
        s << "// Register converter for flag '" << flags->qualifiedCppName() << "'.\n"
            << registerConverterName(flags->name(), flagsConverter) // QMetaType
            << registerConverterName(flags->originalName(), flagsConverter); // Signals with flags
    }

    s << "Shiboken::Enum::setTypeConverter(" << enumPythonVar
        << ", converter, " << flagsConverter << ");\n";

    s << outdent << "}\n";
}

QString CppGenerator::writeContainerConverterInitialization(TextStream &s,
                                                            const AbstractMetaType &type,
                                                            const ApiExtractorResult &api)
{
    const auto cppSignature =
        QString::fromUtf8(QMetaObject::normalizedSignature(type.cppSignature().toUtf8()));
    s << "// Register converter for type '" << cppSignature << "'.\n";
    const QString converter = converterObject(type);
    s << converter << " = Shiboken::Conversions::createConverter(";

    Q_ASSERT(type.typeEntry()->isContainer());
    const auto typeEntry = std::static_pointer_cast<const ContainerTypeEntry>(type.typeEntry());

    const QString targetTypeName = containerNativeToTargetTypeName(typeEntry);
    if (targetTypeName == cPyObjectT) {
        s << "&PyBaseObject_Type";
    } else {
        s << '&' << targetTypeName << "_Type";
    }

    s << ", " << cppToPythonFunctionName(fixedCppTypeName(type), targetTypeName) << ");\n";

    s << registerConverterName(cppSignature, converter);
    if (usePySideExtensions() && cppSignature.startsWith("const "_L1)
        && cppSignature.endsWith(u'&')) {
        auto underlyingType = QStringView{cppSignature}.sliced(6, cppSignature.size() - 7);
        s << registerConverterName(underlyingType, converter);
    }

    writeTemplateCustomConverterRegister(s, type, converter);

    auto typedefItPair = api.typedefTargetToName().equal_range(type.cppSignature());
    if (typedefItPair.first != typedefItPair.second) {
        auto *typeDb = TypeDatabase::instance();
        s << "// Register converters for type aliases of " << cppSignature << "'.\n";
        for (auto it = typedefItPair.first; it != typedefItPair.second; ++it) {
            if (!typeDb->findType(it.value()))
                s << registerConverterName(it.value(), converter);
        }
    }

    return converter;
}

QString CppGenerator::typeInitStructHelper(const TypeEntryCPtr &te, const QString &varName)
{
    return cppApiVariableName(te->targetLangPackage()) + u'[' + varName + u']';
}

QString CppGenerator::typeInitStruct(const GeneratorContext &context)
{
    Q_ASSERT(context.hasClass());
    if (context.forSmartPointer()) {
        auto te = context.preciseType().typeEntry();
        return typeInitStructHelper(te, getTypeIndexVariableName(context.preciseType()));
    }
    return typeInitStruct(context.metaClass()->typeEntry());
}

QString CppGenerator::typeInitStruct(const TypeEntryCPtr &te)
{
    return typeInitStructHelper(te, getTypeIndexVariableName(te));
}

void CppGenerator::writeExtendedConverterInitialization(TextStream &s,
                                                        const TypeEntryCPtr &externalType,
                                                        const AbstractMetaClassCList &conversions)
{
    s << "// Extended implicit conversions for " << externalType->qualifiedTargetLangName()
      << ".\n";
    for (const auto &sourceClass : conversions) {
        QString sourceTypeName = fixedCppTypeName(sourceClass->typeEntry());
        QString targetTypeName = fixedCppTypeName(externalType);
        QString toCpp = pythonToCppFunctionName(sourceTypeName, targetTypeName);
        QString isConv = convertibleToCppFunctionName(sourceTypeName, targetTypeName);
        if (!externalType->isPrimitive())
            s << cpythonTypeNameExt(externalType) << ";\n";
        writeAddPythonToCppConversion(s, typeInitStruct(externalType), toCpp, isConv);
    }
}

QString CppGenerator::multipleInheritanceInitializerFunctionName(const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass)
{
    return cpythonBaseName(metaClass->typeEntry()) + u"_mi_init"_s;
}

bool CppGenerator::supportsMappingProtocol(const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass)
{
    const auto &protocols = mappingProtocols();
    return  std::any_of(protocols.cbegin(), protocols.cend(),
                        [&metaClass](const ProtocolEntry &e) {
                            return metaClass->hasFunction(e.name);
                        });
}

bool CppGenerator::supportsNumberProtocol(const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass)
{
    return metaClass->hasArithmeticOperatorOverload()
            || metaClass->hasIncDecrementOperatorOverload()
            || metaClass->hasLogicalOperatorOverload()
            || metaClass->hasBitwiseOperatorOverload()
            || hasBoolCast(metaClass);
}

bool CppGenerator::supportsSequenceProtocol(const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass)
{
    for (const auto &seq : sequenceProtocols()) {
        if (metaClass->hasFunction(seq.name))
            return true;
    }

    ComplexTypeEntryCPtr baseType = metaClass->typeEntry()->baseContainerType();
    return baseType && baseType->isContainer();
}

bool CppGenerator::shouldGenerateGetSetList(const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass)
{
    for (const AbstractMetaField &f : metaClass->fields()) {
        if (!f.isStatic())
            return true;
    }
    // Generate all user-added properties unless Pyside extensions are used,
    // in which only the explicitly specified ones are generated (rest is handled
    // in libpyside).
    return usePySideExtensions()
        ? std::any_of(metaClass->propertySpecs().cbegin(), metaClass->propertySpecs().cend(),
                      [] (const QPropertySpec &s) { return s.generateGetSetDef(); })
        : !metaClass->propertySpecs().isEmpty();
    return false;
}

struct pyTypeSlotEntry
{
    explicit pyTypeSlotEntry(QAnyStringView name, QAnyStringView function) :
        m_name(name), m_function(function) {}

    QAnyStringView m_name;
    QAnyStringView m_function;
};

TextStream &operator<<(TextStream &str, const pyTypeSlotEntry &e)
{
    if (!e.m_function.isEmpty()) {
        str << '{' << e.m_name << ',' << Pad(' ', qMax(0, 18 - e.m_name.size()))
            << "reinterpret_cast<void *>(" << e.m_function << ")},\n";
    }
    return str;
}

static inline bool isDocString(const DocModification &d)
{
    return d.target() == DocumentationTarget::DocString;
}

static QString docString(const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass)
{
    const auto docModifs = metaClass->typeEntry()->docModifications();
    auto it = std::find_if(docModifs.cbegin(), docModifs.cend(), isDocString);
    return it != docModifs.cend() ? it->code().trimmed() : QString{};
}

void CppGenerator::writeClassTypeFunction(TextStream &s,
                                          const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass)
{
    const QString className = cpythonBaseName(metaClass);
    const QString typePtr = u"_"_s + className + u"_Type"_s;
    s << openExternC << "static PyTypeObject *" << typePtr << " = nullptr;\n"
        << "static PyTypeObject *" << className << "_TypeF(void)\n"
        << "{\n" << indent << "return " << typePtr << ";\n" << outdent << "}\n"
        << closeExternC;
}

void CppGenerator::writeClassDefinition(TextStream &s,
                                        const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass,
                                        const GeneratorContext &classContext)
{
    QString tp_new;
    QString tp_dealloc;
    QString tp_hash;
    QString tp_call;
    const QString className = cpythonBaseName(metaClass);

    bool onlyPrivCtor = !metaClass->hasNonPrivateConstructor();

    const bool isQApp = usePySideExtensions()
        && inheritsFrom(metaClass, u"QCoreApplication"_s);

    QString tp_flags = u"Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT"_s;
    if (!metaClass->attributes().testFlag(AbstractMetaClass::FinalCppClass))
        tp_flags += u"|Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE"_s;
    if (metaClass->isNamespace() || metaClass->hasPrivateDestructor()) {
        tp_dealloc = metaClass->hasPrivateDestructor() ?
                     u"SbkDeallocWrapperWithPrivateDtor"_s :
                     u"Sbk_object_dealloc /* PYSIDE-832: Prevent replacement of \"0\" with subtype_dealloc. */"_s;
    } else {
        tp_dealloc = isQApp
            ? u"&SbkDeallocQAppWrapper"_s : u"&SbkDeallocWrapper"_s;
    }

    const AttroCheck attroCheck = checkAttroFunctionNeeds(metaClass);
    const QString tp_getattro = (attroCheck & AttroCheckFlag::GetattroMask) != 0
        ? cpythonGetattroFunctionName(metaClass) : QString();
    const QString tp_setattro = (attroCheck & AttroCheckFlag::SetattroMask) != 0
        ? cpythonSetattroFunctionName(metaClass) : QString();

    if (metaClass->hasPrivateDestructor() || onlyPrivCtor) {
        // tp_flags = u"Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT"_s;
        // This is not generally possible, because PySide does not care about
        // privacy the same way. This worked before the heap types were used,
        // because inheritance is not really checked for static types.
        // Instead, we check this at runtime, see SbkObjectType_tp_new.
        if (metaClass->fullName().startsWith(u"PySide6.Qt")) {
            // PYSIDE-595: No idea how to do non-inheritance correctly.
            // Since that is only relevant in shiboken, I used a shortcut for
            // PySide.
            tp_new = u"SbkObject_tp_new"_s;
        }
        else {
            tp_new = u"SbkDummyNew /* PYSIDE-595: Prevent replacement "
                      "of \"0\" with base->tp_new. */"_s;
        }
    }
    else if (isQApp) {
        tp_new = u"SbkQApp_tp_new"_s; // PYSIDE-571: need singleton app
    }
    else {
        tp_new = u"SbkObject_tp_new"_s;
    }
    tp_flags.append(u"|Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC"_s);

    QString tp_richcompare;
    if (generateRichComparison(classContext))
        tp_richcompare = cpythonBaseName(metaClass) + u"_richcompare"_s;

    const bool isSmartPointer = classContext.forSmartPointer();
    QString tp_getset;
    if (shouldGenerateGetSetList(metaClass) && !isSmartPointer)
        tp_getset = cpythonGettersSettersDefinitionName(metaClass);

    // search for special functions
    clearTpFuncs();
    for (const auto &func : metaClass->functions()) {
        // Special non-operator functions identified by name
        auto it = m_tpFuncs.find(func->name());
        if (it != m_tpFuncs.end())
            it.value() = cpythonFunctionName(func);
        else if ( it = m_nbFuncs.find(func->name()); it !=  m_nbFuncs.end() )
            it.value() = cpythonFunctionName(func);
    }
    if (m_tpFuncs.value(REPR_FUNCTION).isEmpty()
        && (isSmartPointer || metaClass->hasToStringCapability())) {
        const QString name = isSmartPointer
          ? writeSmartPointerReprFunction(s, classContext)
          : writeReprFunction(s, classContext, metaClass->toStringCapabilityIndirections());
        m_tpFuncs[REPR_FUNCTION] = name;
    }

    // class or some ancestor has multiple inheritance
    const auto miClass = getMultipleInheritingClass(metaClass);
    if (miClass) {
        if (metaClass == miClass)
            writeMultipleInheritanceInitializerFunction(s, metaClass);
        writeSpecialCastFunction(s, metaClass);
        s << '\n';
    }

    s << "\n// Class Definition -----------------------------------------------\n"
          << openExternC;

    if (hasHashFunction(metaClass))
        tp_hash = u'&' + cpythonBaseName(metaClass) + u"_HashFunc"_s;

    const auto callOp = metaClass->findFunction("operator()");
    if (callOp && !callOp->isModifiedRemoved())
        tp_call = u'&' + cpythonFunctionName(callOp);

    s << "\nstatic PyType_Slot " << className << "_slots[] = {\n" << indent
        << "{Py_tp_base,        nullptr}, // inserted by introduceWrapperType\n"
        << pyTypeSlotEntry("Py_tp_dealloc", tp_dealloc)
      << pyTypeSlotEntry("Py_tp_repr", m_tpFuncs.value(REPR_FUNCTION))
        << pyTypeSlotEntry("Py_tp_hash", tp_hash)
        << pyTypeSlotEntry("Py_tp_call", tp_call)
        << pyTypeSlotEntry("Py_tp_str", m_tpFuncs.value(u"__str__"_s))
        << pyTypeSlotEntry("Py_tp_getattro", tp_getattro)
        << pyTypeSlotEntry("Py_tp_setattro", tp_setattro)
        << pyTypeSlotEntry("Py_tp_traverse", className + u"_traverse"_s)
        << pyTypeSlotEntry("Py_tp_clear", className + u"_clear"_s)
        << pyTypeSlotEntry("Py_tp_richcompare", tp_richcompare)
        << pyTypeSlotEntry("Py_tp_iter", m_tpFuncs.value(u"__iter__"_s))
        << pyTypeSlotEntry("Py_tp_iternext", m_tpFuncs.value(u"__next__"_s))
        << pyTypeSlotEntry("Py_tp_methods", className + u"_methods"_s)
        << pyTypeSlotEntry("Py_tp_getset", tp_getset)
        << pyTypeSlotEntry("Py_tp_init", cpythonConstructorName(metaClass))
        << pyTypeSlotEntry("Py_tp_new", tp_new);
    if (supportsSequenceProtocol(metaClass)) {
        s << "// type supports sequence protocol\n";
        writeTypeAsSequenceDefinition(s, metaClass);
    }
    if (supportsMappingProtocol(metaClass)) {
        s << "// type supports mapping protocol\n";
        writeTypeAsMappingDefinition(s, metaClass);
    }
    if (supportsNumberProtocol(metaClass)) {
        s << "// type supports number protocol\n";
        writeTypeAsNumberDefinition(s, metaClass);
    }

    const QString ds = docString(metaClass);
    if (!ds.isEmpty()) {
        s << "{Py_tp_doc, " << outdent
          << "const_cast<char *>(R\"DS(" << ds << ")DS\")" << indent << "},\n";
    }

    s << "{0, " << NULL_PTR << "}\n" << outdent << "};\n";

    const auto packageLevel = packageName().count(u'.') + 1;
    s << "static PyType_Spec " << className << "_spec = {\n" << indent
        << '"' << packageLevel << ':' << getClassTargetFullName(metaClass) << "\",\n"
        << "sizeof(SbkObject),\n0,\n" << tp_flags << ",\n"
        << className << "_slots\n" << outdent
        << "};\n\n} //extern \"C\"\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeMappingMethods(TextStream &s,
                                       const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass,
                                       const GeneratorContext &context) const
{
    for (const auto & m : mappingProtocols()) {
        const auto func = metaClass->findFunction(m.name);
        if (!func)
            continue;
        QString funcName = cpythonFunctionName(func);
        CodeSnipList snips = func->injectedCodeSnips(TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionAny, TypeSystem::TargetLangCode);
        s << m.returnType << ' ' << funcName << '(' << m.arguments << ")\n{\n" << indent;

        writeCppSelfDefinition(s, func, context, ErrorReturn::Default);

        const AbstractMetaArgument *lastArg = func->arguments().isEmpty()
            ? nullptr : &func->arguments().constLast();
        writeCodeSnips(s, snips, TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionAny,
                       TypeSystem::TargetLangCode, func, false, lastArg);
        s << outdent << "}\n\n";
    }
}

void CppGenerator::writeSequenceMethods(TextStream &s,
                                        const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass,
                                        const GeneratorContext &context) const
{
    bool injectedCode = false;

    for (const auto &seq : sequenceProtocols()) {
        const auto func = metaClass->findFunction(seq.name);
        if (!func)
            continue;
        injectedCode = true;
        QString funcName = cpythonFunctionName(func);

        CodeSnipList snips = func->injectedCodeSnips(TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionAny, TypeSystem::TargetLangCode);
        s << seq.returnType << ' ' << funcName << '(' << seq.arguments << ")\n{\n" << indent;

        writeCppSelfDefinition(s, func, context, ErrorReturn::Default);

        const AbstractMetaArgument *lastArg = func->arguments().isEmpty() ? nullptr : &func->arguments().constLast();
        writeCodeSnips(s, snips,TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionAny,
                       TypeSystem::TargetLangCode, func, false /* uses PyArgs */, lastArg);
        s << outdent << "}\n\n";
    }

    if (!injectedCode)
        writeDefaultSequenceMethods(s, context);
}

// Sequence protocol structure member names
static const QHash<QString, QString> &sqFuncs()
{
    static const QHash<QString, QString> result = {
        {u"__concat__"_s, u"Py_sq_concat"_s},
        {u"__contains__"_s, u"Py_sq_contains"_s},
        {u"__getitem__"_s, u"Py_sq_item"_s},
        {u"__getslice__"_s, u"Py_sq_slice"_s},
        {u"__len__"_s, u"Py_sq_length"_s},
        {u"__setitem__"_s, u"Py_sq_ass_item"_s},
        {u"__setslice__"_s, u"Py_sq_ass_slice"_s}
    };
    return result;
}

void CppGenerator::writeTypeAsSequenceDefinition(TextStream &s,
                                                 const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass)
{
    bool hasFunctions = false;
    QMap<QString, QString> funcs;
    for (const auto &seq : sequenceProtocols()) {
        const auto func = metaClass->findFunction(seq.name);
        if (func) {
            funcs.insert(seq.name, u'&' + cpythonFunctionName(func));
            hasFunctions = true;
        }
    }

    QString baseName = cpythonBaseName(metaClass);

    //use default implementation
    if (!hasFunctions) {
        funcs[u"__len__"_s] = baseName + u"__len__"_s;
        funcs[u"__getitem__"_s] = baseName + u"__getitem__"_s;
        funcs[u"__setitem__"_s] = baseName + u"__setitem__"_s;
    }

    for (auto it = sqFuncs().cbegin(), end = sqFuncs().cend(); it != end; ++it) {
        const QString &sqName = it.key();
        auto fit = funcs.constFind(sqName);
        if (fit != funcs.constEnd())
            s << pyTypeSlotEntry(it.value(), fit.value());
    }
}

void CppGenerator::writeTypeAsMappingDefinition(TextStream &s,
                                                const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass)
{
    // Sequence protocol structure members names
    static const QHash<QString, QString> mpFuncs{
        {u"__mlen__"_s, u"Py_mp_length"_s},
        {u"__mgetitem__"_s, u"Py_mp_subscript"_s},
        {u"__msetitem__"_s, u"Py_mp_ass_subscript"_s},
    };
    QMap<QString, QString> funcs;
    for (const auto &m : mappingProtocols()) {
        const auto func = metaClass->findFunction(m.name);
        if (func) {
            const QString entry = u"reinterpret_cast<void *>(&"_s
                                  + cpythonFunctionName(func) + u')';
            funcs.insert(m.name, entry);
        }
    }

    for (auto it = mpFuncs.cbegin(), end = mpFuncs.cend(); it != end; ++it) {
        const auto fit = funcs.constFind(it.key());
        if (fit != funcs.constEnd())
            s << pyTypeSlotEntry(it.value(), fit.value());
    }
}

// Number protocol structure members names
static const QHash<QString, QString> &nbFuncs()
{
    static const QHash<QString, QString> result = {
        {u"__abs__"_s, u"Py_nb_absolute"_s},
        {u"__add__"_s, u"Py_nb_add"_s},
        {u"__sub__"_s, u"Py_nb_subtract"_s},
        {u"__mul__"_s, u"Py_nb_multiply"_s},
        {u"__div__"_s, u"Py_nb_true_divide"_s},
        {u"__mod__"_s, u"Py_nb_remainder"_s},
        {u"__neg__"_s, u"Py_nb_negative"_s},
        {u"__pos__"_s, u"Py_nb_positive"_s},
        {u"__pow__"_s, u"Py_nb_power"_s},
        {u"__invert__"_s, u"Py_nb_invert"_s},
        {u"__lshift__"_s, u"Py_nb_lshift"_s},
        {u"__rshift__"_s, u"Py_nb_rshift"_s},
        {u"__and__"_s, u"Py_nb_and"_s},
        {u"__xor__"_s, u"Py_nb_xor"_s},
        {u"__or__"_s, u"Py_nb_or"_s},
        {u"__iadd__"_s, u"Py_nb_inplace_add"_s},
        {u"__isub__"_s, u"Py_nb_inplace_subtract"_s},
        {u"__imul__"_s, u"Py_nb_inplace_multiply"_s},
        {u"__imod__"_s, u"Py_nb_inplace_remainder"_s},
        {u"__ilshift__"_s, u"Py_nb_inplace_lshift"_s},
        {u"__irshift__"_s, u"Py_nb_inplace_rshift"_s},
        {u"__iand__"_s, u"Py_nb_inplace_and"_s},
        {u"__ixor__"_s, u"Py_nb_inplace_xor"_s},
        {u"__ior__"_s, u"Py_nb_inplace_or"_s},
        {u"__bool__"_s, u"Py_nb_bool"_s},
        {u"__int__"_s, u"Py_nb_int"_s},
        {u"__float__"_s, u"Py_nb_float"_s}
    };
    return result;
}

void CppGenerator::writeTypeAsNumberDefinition(TextStream &s, const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass) const
{
    QMap<QString, QString> nb;

    const QList<AbstractMetaFunctionCList> opOverloads = numberProtocolOperators(metaClass);
    for (const auto &opOverload : opOverloads) {
        const auto &rfunc = opOverload.at(0);
        QString opName = ShibokenGenerator::pythonOperatorFunctionName(rfunc);
        nb[opName] = cpythonFunctionName(rfunc);
    }

    for (auto it = m_nbFuncs.cbegin(), end = m_nbFuncs.cend(); it != end; ++it) {
        if (!it.value().isEmpty())
            nb.insert(it.key(), it.value());
    }

    QString baseName = cpythonBaseName(metaClass);

    if (hasBoolCast(metaClass))
        nb.insert(u"__bool__"_s, baseName + u"___nb_bool"_s);

    for (auto it = nbFuncs().cbegin(), end = nbFuncs().cend(); it != end; ++it) {
        const QString &nbName = it.key();
        const auto nbIt = nb.constFind(nbName);
        if (nbIt != nb.constEnd())
            s << pyTypeSlotEntry(it.value(), nbIt.value());
    }
}

void CppGenerator::writeTpTraverseFunction(TextStream &s, const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass)
{
    QString baseName = cpythonBaseName(metaClass);
    s << "static int " << baseName
        << "_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)\n{\n" << indent
        << "auto traverseProc = "
        << pyTypeGetSlot("traverseproc", sbkObjectTypeF, "Py_tp_traverse") << ";\n"
        << "return traverseProc(self, visit, arg);\n"
        << outdent << "}\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeTpClearFunction(TextStream &s, const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass)
{
    QString baseName = cpythonBaseName(metaClass);
    s << "static int " << baseName << "_clear(PyObject *self)\n{\n" << indent
       << "auto clearProc = "
       << pyTypeGetSlot("inquiry", sbkObjectTypeF, "Py_tp_clear") << ";\n"
       << "return clearProc(self);\n"
       << outdent << "}\n";
}

QString CppGenerator::writeCopyFunction(TextStream &s,
                                        TextStream &definitionStream,
                                        TextStream &signatureStream,
                                        const GeneratorContext &context)
{
    const auto &metaClass = context.metaClass();
    const QString className = cpythonBaseName(metaClass);
    const QString funcName = className + u"__copy__"_s;

    // PYSIDE-3135 replace _Self by Self when the minimum Python version is 3.11
    signatureStream << fullPythonClassName(metaClass) << ".__copy__(self)->typing._Self\n";
    definitionStream << PyMethodDefEntry{u"__copy__"_s, funcName, {"METH_NOARGS"_ba}, {}}
                     << ",\n";

    s << "static PyObject *" << funcName << "(PyObject *self)\n"
      << "{\n" << indent;
    writeCppSelfDefinition(s, context, ErrorReturn::Default, CppSelfDefinitionFlag::CppSelfAsReference);
    QString conversionCode;
    if (!context.forSmartPointer())
        conversionCode = cpythonToPythonConversionFunction(metaClass);
    else
        conversionCode = cpythonToPythonConversionFunction(context.preciseType());

    s << "PyObject *" << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << " = " << conversionCode
        << CPP_SELF_VAR << ");\n";
    writeFunctionReturnErrorCheckSection(s, ErrorReturn::Default);
    s << "return " << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << ";\n" << outdent
        << "}\n\n";

    return funcName;
}

static inline void writeGetterFunctionStart(TextStream &s, const QString &funcName)
{
    s << "static PyObject *" << funcName << "(PyObject *self, void * /* closure */)\n"
       << "{\n" << indent;
}

QString CppGenerator::cppFieldAccess(const AbstractMetaField &metaField,
                                     const GeneratorContext &context)
{
    QString result;
    QTextStream str(&result);
    if (avoidProtectedHack() && metaField.isProtected())
        str << "static_cast<" << context.wrapperName() << " *>(" << CPP_SELF_VAR << ')';
    else
        str << CPP_SELF_VAR;
    str << "->" << metaField.originalName();
    return result;
}

void CppGenerator::writeGetterFunction(TextStream &s,
                                       const AbstractMetaField &metaField,
                                       const GeneratorContext &context)
{
    writeGetterFunctionStart(s, cpythonGetterFunctionName(metaField));

    writeCppSelfDefinition(s, context);

    const AbstractMetaType &fieldType = metaField.type();
    // Force use of pointer to return internal variable memory
    bool newWrapperSameObject = !fieldType.isConstant() && fieldType.isWrapperType()
            && !fieldType.isPointer();

    QString cppField = cppFieldAccess(metaField, context);

    if (metaField.generateOpaqueContainer()
        && fieldType.generateOpaqueContainer()) {
        const QString creationFunc = opaqueContainerCreationFunc(fieldType);
        writeOpaqueContainerCreationFuncDecl(s, creationFunc, fieldType);
        s << "PyObject *pyOut = " << creationFunc
            << "(&" << cppField << ");\nPy_IncRef(pyOut);\n"
            << "return pyOut;\n" << outdent << "}\n";
        return;
    }

    if (newWrapperSameObject) {
        cppField.prepend(u"&(");
        cppField.append(u')');
    }

    if (fieldType.isCppIntegralPrimitive() || fieldType.isEnum()) {
        s << getFullTypeNameWithoutModifiers(fieldType) << " cppOut_local = " << cppField << ";\n";
        cppField = u"cppOut_local"_s;
    }

    if (newWrapperSameObject) {
        // Create and register new wrapper. We force a pointer conversion also
        // for wrapped value types so that they refer to the struct member,
        // avoiding any trouble copying them. Add a parent relationship to
        // properly notify if the struct is deleted (see protected_test.py,
        // testProtectedValueTypeProperty()). Note that this has currently
        // unsolved issues when using temporary Python lists of structs
        // which can cause elements to be reported deleted in expressions like
        // "foo.list_of_structs[2].field".
        s << "PyObject *pyOut = {};\n"
            << "auto *fieldTypeObject = " << cpythonTypeNameExt(fieldType) << ";\n"
            << "if (auto *sbkOut = Shiboken::BindingManager::instance().retrieveWrapper("
            << cppField << ", fieldTypeObject)) {\n" << indent
            << "pyOut = reinterpret_cast<PyObject *>(sbkOut);\n"
            << "Py_INCREF(pyOut);\n" << outdent << "} else {\n" << indent
            << "pyOut = Shiboken::Object::newObject(fieldTypeObject, "
            << cppField << ", false, true);\n"
            << "Shiboken::Object::setParent(self, pyOut);\n"
            << outdent << "}\n"
            << "return pyOut;\n";
    } else {
        s << "return ";
        writeToPythonConversion(s, fieldType, metaField.enclosingClass(), cppField);
        s << ";\n";
    }
    s << outdent << "}\n";
}

// Write a getter for QPropertySpec
void CppGenerator::writeGetterFunction(TextStream &s,
                                       const QPropertySpec &property,
                                       const GeneratorContext &context)
{
    writeGetterFunctionStart(s, cpythonGetterFunctionName(property, context.metaClass()));
    writeCppSelfDefinition(s, context);
    const QString value = "value"_L1;
    s << "auto " << value << " = " << CPP_SELF_VAR << "->" << property.read() << "();\n"
        << "auto *pyResult = ";
    writeToPythonConversion(s, property.type(), context.metaClass(), value);
    s << ";\nif (" << shibokenErrorsOccurred << " || pyResult == nullptr) {\n"
        << indent << "Py_XDECREF(pyResult);\nreturn {};\n" << outdent
        << "}\nreturn pyResult;\n" << outdent << "}\n\n";
}

// Write setter function preamble (type checks on "pyIn")
void CppGenerator::writeSetterFunctionPreamble(TextStream &s,
                                               const QString &name,
                                               const QString &funcName,
                                               const AbstractMetaType &type,
                                               const GeneratorContext &context)
{
    s << "static int " << funcName << "(PyObject *self, PyObject *pyIn, void * /* closure */)\n"
        << "{\n" << indent;

    writeCppSelfDefinition(s, context, ErrorReturn::Zero);

    s << "if (pyIn == " << NULL_PTR << ") {\n" << indent
        << "Shiboken::Errors::setInvalidTypeDeletion(\"" << name << "\");\n"
        << "return -1;\n"
        << outdent << "}\n";

    s << PYTHON_TO_CPPCONVERSION_STRUCT << ' ' << PYTHON_TO_CPP_VAR << ";\n"
        << "if (!";
    writeTypeCheck(s, type, u"pyIn"_s, isNumber(type.typeEntry()));
    s << ") {\n" << indent
        << "Shiboken::Errors::setSetterTypeError(\"" << name << "\", \""
        << type.name() << "\");\n"
        << "return -1;\n"
        << outdent << "}\n\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeSetterFunction(TextStream &s,
                                       const AbstractMetaField &metaField,
                                       const GeneratorContext &context)
{
    const AbstractMetaType &fieldType = metaField.type();
    writeSetterFunctionPreamble(s, metaField.name(), cpythonSetterFunctionName(metaField),
                                fieldType, context);


    const QString cppField = cppFieldAccess(metaField, context);

    if (fieldType.isCppIntegralPrimitive() || fieldType.typeEntry()->isEnum()
               || fieldType.typeEntry()->isFlags()) {
        s << "auto cppOut_local = " << cppField << ";\n"
            << PYTHON_TO_CPP_VAR << "(pyIn, &cppOut_local);\n"
            << cppField << " = cppOut_local";
    } else {
        if (fieldType.isPointerToConst())
            s << "const ";
        s << "auto " << QByteArray(fieldType.indirections(), '*')
          << "&cppOut_ptr = " << cppField << ";\n"
          << PYTHON_TO_CPP_VAR << "(pyIn, &cppOut_ptr)";
    }
    s << ";\n\n";

    if (fieldType.isPointerToWrapperType()) {
        s << "Shiboken::Object::keepReference(reinterpret_cast<SbkObject *>(self), \""
            << metaField.name() << "\", pyIn);\n";
    }

    s << "return 0;\n" << outdent << "}\n";
}

// Write a setter for QPropertySpec
void CppGenerator::writeSetterFunction(TextStream &s,
                                       const QPropertySpec &property,
                                       const GeneratorContext &context)
{
    writeSetterFunctionPreamble(s,
                                property.name(),
                                cpythonSetterFunctionName(property, context.metaClass()),
                                property.type(), context);

    s << "auto cppOut = " << CPP_SELF_VAR << "->" << property.read() << "();\n"
        << PYTHON_TO_CPP_VAR << "(pyIn, &cppOut);\n"
        << "if (" << shibokenErrorsOccurred << ")\n" << indent
        << "return -1;\n" << outdent
        << CPP_SELF_VAR << "->" << property.write() << "(cppOut);\n"
        << "return 0;\n" << outdent << "}\n\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeRichCompareFunctionHeader(TextStream &s,
                                                  const QString &baseName,
                                                  const GeneratorContext &context)
{
    s << "static PyObject * ";
    s << baseName << "_richcompare(PyObject *self, PyObject *" << PYTHON_ARG
        << ", int op)\n{\n" << indent;
    writeCppSelfDefinition(s, context, ErrorReturn::Default, CppSelfDefinitionFlag::CppSelfAsReference);
    s << sbkUnusedVariableCast(CPP_SELF_VAR)
        << "PyObject *" << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << "{};\n"
        << PYTHON_TO_CPPCONVERSION_STRUCT << ' ' << PYTHON_TO_CPP_VAR << ";\n"
        << sbkUnusedVariableCast(PYTHON_TO_CPP_VAR) << '\n';
}

void CppGenerator::writeRichCompareFunction(TextStream &s, TextStream &t,
                                            const GeneratorContext &context) const
{
    const auto metaClass = context.metaClass();
    QString baseName = cpythonBaseName(metaClass);
    writeRichCompareFunctionHeader(s, baseName, context);

    s << "switch (op) {\n" << indent;
    const QList<AbstractMetaFunctionCList> &groupedFuncs =
        filterGroupedOperatorFunctions(metaClass, OperatorQueryOption::ComparisonOp);
    for (const AbstractMetaFunctionCList &overloads : groupedFuncs) {
        const auto &rfunc = overloads.constFirst();

        const auto op = rfunc->comparisonOperatorType().value();
        s << "case " << AbstractMetaFunction::pythonRichCompareOpCode(op)
            << ":\n" << indent;

        int alternativeNumericTypes = 0;
        for (const auto &func : overloads) {
            if (!func->isStatic() &&
                ShibokenGenerator::isNumber(func->arguments().at(0).type().typeEntry()))
                alternativeNumericTypes++;
        }

        bool first = true;
        OverloadData overloadData(overloads, api());
        writeSignatureInfo(t, overloadData);
        const OverloadDataList &nextOverloads = overloadData.children();
        for (const auto &od : nextOverloads) {
            const auto func = od->referenceFunction();
            if (func->isStatic())
                continue;
            auto argType = getArgumentType(func, 0);
            if (!first) {
                s << " else ";
            } else {
                first = false;
            }
            s << "if (";
            writeTypeCheck(s, argType, PYTHON_ARG,
                           alternativeNumericTypes == 1 || isPyInt(argType));
            s << ") {\n" << indent
                << "// " << func->signature() << '\n';
            writeArgumentConversion(s, argType, CPP_ARG0,
                                    PYTHON_ARG, ErrorReturn::Default,
                                    metaClass,
                                    QString(), func->isUserAdded());
            // If the function is user added, use the inject code
            bool generateOperatorCode = true;
            if (func->isUserAdded()) {
                CodeSnipList snips = func->injectedCodeSnips();
                if (!snips.isEmpty()) {
                    writeCodeSnips(s, snips, TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionAny,
                                   TypeSystem::TargetLangCode, func,
                                   false /* uses PyArgs */, &func->arguments().constLast());
                    generateOperatorCode = false;
                }
            }
            if (generateOperatorCode) {
                if (!func->isVoid())
                    s << func->type().cppSignature() << " " << CPP_RETURN_VAR << " = ";
                // expression
                if (func->isPointerOperator())
                    s << '&';
                s << CPP_SELF_VAR << ' '
                    << AbstractMetaFunction::cppComparisonOperator(op) << " (";
                auto generatorArg = GeneratorArgument::fromMetaType(argType);
                if (generatorArg.indirections != 0)
                    s << QByteArray(generatorArg.indirections, '*');
                s << CPP_ARG0 << ");\n"
                    << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << " = ";
                if (!func->isVoid()) {
                    writeToPythonConversion(s, func->type(), metaClass,
                                            CPP_RETURN_VAR);
                } else {
                    s << "Py_None;\n" << "Py_INCREF(Py_None)";
                }
                s << ";\n";
            }
            s << outdent << '}';
        }

        s << " else {\n";
        if (op == AbstractMetaFunction::OperatorEqual ||
                op == AbstractMetaFunction::OperatorNotEqual) {
            s << indent << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << " = "
                << (op == AbstractMetaFunction::OperatorEqual ? "Py_False" : "Py_True") << ";\n"
                << "Py_INCREF(" << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << ");\n" << outdent;
        } else {
            s << indent << "return Shiboken::returnFromRichCompare("
                << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << ");\n" << outdent;
        }
        s << "}\n\n";

        s << "break;\n" << outdent;
    }
    s << "default:\n" << indent
        << richCompareComment
        << "return FallbackRichCompare(self, " << PYTHON_ARG << ", op);\n"
        << outdent << outdent << "}\n\n"
    << "return Shiboken::returnFromRichCompare(" << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << ");\n" << outdent
    << "}\n\n";
}

// Return a flag combination for PyMethodDef
QByteArrayList CppGenerator::methodDefinitionParameters(const OverloadData &overloadData) const
{
    const bool usePyArgs = overloadData.pythonFunctionWrapperUsesListOfArguments();
    int min = overloadData.minArgs();
    int max = overloadData.maxArgs();

    QByteArrayList result;
    if ((min == max) && (max < 2) && !usePyArgs) {
        result.append(max == 0 ? QByteArrayLiteral("METH_NOARGS")
                               : QByteArrayLiteral("METH_O"));
    } else {
        result.append(QByteArrayLiteral("METH_VARARGS"));
        if (overloadData.hasArgumentWithDefaultValue())
            result.append(QByteArrayLiteral("METH_KEYWORDS"));
    }
    // METH_STATIC causes a crash when used for global functions (also from
    // invisible namespaces).
    const auto ownerClass = overloadData.referenceFunction()->ownerClass();
    if (ownerClass
        && !invisibleTopNamespaces().contains(std::const_pointer_cast<AbstractMetaClass>(ownerClass))) {
        if (overloadData.hasStaticFunction())
            result.append(QByteArrayLiteral("METH_STATIC"));
        if (overloadData.hasClassMethod())
            result.append(QByteArrayLiteral("METH_CLASS"));
    }
    return result;
}

QList<PyMethodDefEntry>
    CppGenerator::methodDefinitionEntries(const OverloadData &overloadData) const
{

    const QStringList names = overloadData.referenceFunction()->definitionNames();
    const QString funcName = cpythonFunctionName(overloadData.referenceFunction());
    const QByteArrayList parameters = methodDefinitionParameters(overloadData);

    QList<PyMethodDefEntry> result;
    result.reserve(names.size());
    for (const auto &name : names)
        result.append({name, funcName, parameters, {}});
    return result;
}

QString CppGenerator::pythonSignature(const AbstractMetaType &type) const
{
    if (type.isSmartPointer() && !type.instantiations().isEmpty()) {
        const auto ste = std::static_pointer_cast<const SmartPointerTypeEntry>(type.typeEntry());
        const auto instantiationTe = type.instantiations().constFirst().typeEntry();
        if (auto opt = api().findSmartPointerInstantiation(ste, instantiationTe))
            return opt->specialized->typeEntry()->qualifiedTargetLangName();
    }
    return type.pythonSignature();
}

// Format the type signature of a function parameter
QString CppGenerator::signatureParameter(const AbstractMetaArgument &arg, bool implicitConversions) const
{
    QString result;
    QTextStream s(&result);

    auto metaType = arg.type();
    if (const auto *viewOn = metaType.viewOn())
        metaType = *viewOn;
    s << arg.name() << ':';

    QStringList signatures(pythonSignature(metaType));

    // Implicit conversions (C++): Check for converting constructors
    // "QColor(Qt::GlobalColor)" or conversion operators
    const AbstractMetaFunctionCList conversions = implicitConversions ?
        api().implicitConversions(metaType) : AbstractMetaFunctionCList{};
    for (const auto &f : conversions) {
        if (f->isConstructor() && !f->arguments().isEmpty()) {
            // PYSIDE-2712: modified types from converting constructors are not always correct
            // candidates if they are modified by the type system reference
            if (!f->arguments().constFirst().isTypeModified()) {
                signatures << pythonSignature(f->arguments().constFirst().type());
            }
        } else if (f->isConversionOperator()) {
            signatures << f->ownerClass()->fullName();
        }
    }

    const qsizetype size = signatures.size();
    if (size > 1)
        s << "typing.Union[";
    for (qsizetype i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
        if (i > 0)
            s << ", ";
        s << signatures.at(i);
    }
    if (size > 1)
        s << ']';

    return result;
}

void CppGenerator::writeSignatureInfo(TextStream &s, const OverloadData &overloadData,
                                      bool useProperties) const
{
    const auto rfunc = overloadData.referenceFunction();
    QString funcName = fullPythonFunctionName(rfunc, false);

    auto idx = overloadData.overloads().length() - 1;
    bool multiple = idx > 0;

    for (const auto &f : overloadData.overloads()) {
        QStringList args;
        // PYSIDE-1328: `self`-ness cannot be computed in Python because there are mixed cases.
        // Toplevel functions like `PySide6.QtCore.QEnum` are always self-less.
        if (!(f->isStatic()) && f->ownerClass())
            args << PYTHON_SELF_VAR;
        const bool implicitConversions = f->functionType() != AbstractMetaFunction::CopyConstructorFunction;
        const auto &arguments = f->arguments();
        for (qsizetype i = 0, size = arguments.size(); i < size; ++i) {
            const auto n = i + 1;
            const auto &arg = arguments.at(i);
            if (!f->argumentRemoved(n)) {
                QString t = f->pyiTypeReplaced(n);
                if (t.isEmpty()) {
                    t = signatureParameter(arg, implicitConversions);
                } else {
                    t.prepend(u':');
                    t.prepend(arg.name());
                }
                QString defaultValue = arg.defaultValueExpression();
                if (!defaultValue.isEmpty())
                    t += u'=' + defaultValue.replace(u"::"_s, u"."_s);
                args.append(t);
            }
        }
        // PYSIDE-1846: In a constructor, provide all properties as keyword-only parameters.
        const auto &metaClass = rfunc->ownerClass();
        if (useProperties && !metaClass->propertySpecs().isEmpty()) {
            args << "*:KeywordOnly=None"_L1;
            for (const auto &spec : metaClass->propertySpecs()) {
                auto typeEntry = spec.typeEntry();
                QString text;
                if (typeEntry->isEnum()) {
                    const auto ete = std::static_pointer_cast<const EnumTypeEntry>(typeEntry);
                    text = ete->qualifiedTargetLangName();
                } else if (typeEntry->isFlags()) {
                    const auto fte = std::static_pointer_cast<const FlagsTypeEntry>(typeEntry);
                    text = fte->originator()->qualifiedTargetLangName();
                } else {
                    text = typeEntry->qualifiedCppName();
                }
                const auto &inst = spec.type().instantiations();
                if (!inst.isEmpty()) {
                    text += u'[';
                    for (qsizetype i = 0, size = inst.size(); i < size; ++i) {
                        if (i > 0)
                            text += u", "_s;
                        text += pythonSignature(inst.at(i));
                    }
                    text += u']';
                }
                QString entry = spec.name() + u':' + text.replace(u"::"_s, u"."_s) + "=None"_L1;
                args.append(entry);
            }
        }

        // mark the multiple signatures as such, to make it easier to generate different code
        if (multiple)
            s << idx-- << ':';
        s << funcName << '(' << args.join(u',') << ')';

        QString returnType = f->pyiTypeReplaced(0); // pyi or modified type
        if (returnType.isEmpty() && !f->isVoid())
            returnType = pythonSignature(f->type());
        if (!returnType.isEmpty())
            s << "->" << returnType;

        s << '\n';
    }
}

void CppGenerator::writeEnumsInitialization(TextStream &s, const AbstractMetaEnumList &enums)
{
    if (enums.isEmpty())
        return;
    bool preambleWritten = false;
    bool etypeUsed = false;

    for (const AbstractMetaEnum &cppEnum : enums) {
        if (cppEnum.isPrivate())
            continue;
        if (!preambleWritten) {
            s << "// Initialization of enums.\n"
                << "Shiboken::AutoDecRef tpDict{};\n"
                << "PyTypeObject *EType{};\n\n";
            preambleWritten = true;
        }
        ConfigurableScope configScope(s, cppEnum.typeEntry());
        etypeUsed |= writeEnumInitialization(s, cppEnum);
    }
    if (preambleWritten && !etypeUsed)
        s << sbkUnusedVariableCast("EType");
}

void CppGenerator::writeEnumsInitFunc(TextStream &s, const QString &funcName,
                                      const AbstractMetaEnumList &enums)
{
     s << "static void " << funcName << "(PyObject *module)\n{\n" << indent;
     writeEnumsInitialization(s, enums);
     s << outdent << "}\n\n";
}

static qsizetype maxLineLength(const QStringList &list)
{
    qsizetype result = 0;
    for (const auto &s : list) {
        if (auto len = s.size(); len > result)
            result = len;
    }
    return result;
}

bool CppGenerator::writeEnumInitialization(TextStream &s, const AbstractMetaEnum &cppEnum)
{
    const auto enclosingClass = cppEnum.targetLangEnclosingClass();
    const bool hasUpperEnclosingClass = enclosingClass
                                        && enclosingClass->targetLangEnclosingClass();
    EnumTypeEntryCPtr enumTypeEntry = cppEnum.typeEntry();
    QString enclosingObjectVariable;
    if (enclosingClass)
        enclosingObjectVariable = cpythonTypeName(enclosingClass);
    else if (hasUpperEnclosingClass)
        enclosingObjectVariable = u"enclosingClass"_s;
    else
        enclosingObjectVariable = u"module"_s;

    s << "// Initialization of ";
    s << (cppEnum.isAnonymous() ? "anonymous enum identified by enum value" : "enum");
    s << " '" << cppEnum.name() << "'.\n";

    const QString userType = cppEnum.typeEntry()->cppType();
    const bool isSigned = cppEnum.isSigned() && !userType.contains(u"unsigned"_s);
    const bool isAccessible = !avoidProtectedHack() || !cppEnum.isProtected();
    const auto enumValues = cppEnum.nonRejectedValues();

    const QString prefix = cppEnum.name();

    const QString intType = userType.isEmpty() ? cppEnum.underlyingType() : userType;

    // Create a list of values
    const QString initializerValues = prefix + u"_InitializerValues"_s;
    const QString initializerName = prefix + u"_Initializer"_s;

    // Build maybe array of enum names.
    if (cppEnum.enumKind() != AnonymousEnum) {
        s << "const char *" << initializerName << "[] = {\n" << indent;
        for (const auto &enumValue : enumValues) {
            QString name = mangleName(enumValue.name());
            s << '\"' << name << "\",\n";
        }
        s << "nullptr};\n" << outdent;
    }

    int targetHexLen = 0;
    QString usedIntType = userType;
    if (usedIntType.isEmpty()) {
        const int usedBits = cppEnum.usedBits();
        targetHexLen = usedBits / 4;
        usedIntType = AbstractMetaEnum::intTypeForSize(usedBits, cppEnum.isSigned());
    }

    if (usedIntType != intType)
        s << "// \"" << usedIntType << "\" used instead of \"" << intType << "\"\n";

    // Calculating formatting columns
    QString enumValuePrefix;
    if (isAccessible) {
        if (cppEnum.enclosingClass())
            enumValuePrefix += cppEnum.enclosingClass()->qualifiedCppName() + u"::"_s;
        if (!cppEnum.isAnonymous())
            enumValuePrefix += cppEnum.name() + u"::"_s;
    }

    // Build array of enum values
    if (enumValues.isEmpty()) {
        s << "const " << usedIntType << " *" << initializerValues << "{};\n";
    } else {
        QStringList values;
        values.reserve(enumValues.size());
        s << "constexpr " << usedIntType << ' ' << initializerValues << "[] = {\n" << indent;
        for (qsizetype idx = 0, last = enumValues.size() - 1; idx <= last; ++idx) {
            const auto &enumValue = enumValues.at(idx);
            QString line = usedIntType + u'(' + (isAccessible
                               ? enumValuePrefix + enumValue.name()
                               : enumValue.value().toString()) + u')';
            if (idx != last)
                line += u',';
            values.append(line);
        }

        const auto len = maxLineLength(values) + 1;
        for (qsizetype idx = 0, size = enumValues.size(); idx < size; ++idx) {
            const auto &enumValue = enumValues.at(idx).value();
            const char *numberSpace = enumValue.isNegative() ? " " : "  ";
            s << values.at(idx) << Pad(' ', len - values.at(idx).size())
                << "//" << numberSpace << enumValue.toHex(targetHexLen)
                << numberSpace << enumValue.toString() << '\n';
        }
        s << "};\n" << outdent;
    }

    // Build initialization of anonymous enums
    if (cppEnum.enumKind() == AnonymousEnum) {
        int idx = 0;
        for (const auto &enumValue : enumValues) {
            const QString mangledName = mangleName(enumValue.name());
            const QString pyValue = initializerValues + u'[' + QString::number(idx++) + u']';
            if (enclosingClass || hasUpperEnclosingClass) {
                s << "tpDict.reset(PepType_GetDict(reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject *>("
                    << enclosingObjectVariable << ")));\n"
                    << "PyDict_SetItemString(tpDict.object(), \"" << mangledName << "\",\n"
                    << indent << (isSigned ? "PyLong_FromLongLong" : "PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong")
                    << "(" << pyValue << "));\n" << outdent;
            } else {
                s << "PepModule_Add(module, \"" << mangledName << "\",\n" << indent
                    << (isSigned ? "PyLong_FromLongLong" : "PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong") << "("
                    << pyValue << "));\n" << outdent;
            }
        }
    }

    bool etypeUsed = false;

    QString enumVarTypeObj = cpythonTypeNameExtSet(enumTypeEntry);
    if (!cppEnum.isAnonymous()) {
        auto packageLevel = packageName().count(u'.') + 1;
        s << "EType = Shiboken::Enum::"
            << "createPythonEnum"
            << '(' << enclosingObjectVariable << ",\n" << indent
            << '"' << packageLevel << ':' << getClassTargetFullName(cppEnum) << "\",\n"
            << initializerName << ", " << initializerValues << ");\n" << outdent
            << enumVarTypeObj << " = EType;\n";
        etypeUsed = true;
    }

    if (cppEnum.typeEntry()->flags()) {
        s << "// PYSIDE-1735: Mapping the flags class to the same enum class.\n"
            << cpythonTypeNameExtSet(cppEnum.typeEntry()->flags()) << " =\n"
            << indent << "EType;\n" << outdent;
    }
    writeEnumConverterInitialization(s, cppEnum);

    s << "// End of '" << cppEnum.name() << "' enum";
    if (cppEnum.typeEntry()->flags())
        s << "/flags";
    s << ".\n\n";

    return etypeUsed;
}

void CppGenerator::writeSignalInitialization(TextStream &s, const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass)
{
    // Try to check something and print some warnings
    const auto &signalFuncs = metaClass->cppSignalFunctions();
    for (const auto &cppSignal : signalFuncs) {
        if (cppSignal->declaringClass() != metaClass)
            continue;
        const AbstractMetaArgumentList &arguments = cppSignal->arguments();
        for (const AbstractMetaArgument &arg : arguments) {
            const AbstractMetaType &metaType = arg.type();
            const QByteArray origType =
                QMetaObject::normalizedType(qPrintable(metaType.originalTypeDescription()));
            const QByteArray cppSig =
                QMetaObject::normalizedType(qPrintable(metaType.cppSignature()));
            if ((origType != cppSig) && (!metaType.isFlags())) {
                QString msg = "Typedef used on signal "_L1 + metaClass->qualifiedCppName()
                              + "::"_L1 + cppSignal->signature();
                ReportHandler::addGeneralMessage(msg);
            }
        }
    }

    s << "PySide::Signal::registerSignals(pyType, &" << m_gsp
       << metaClass->qualifiedCppName() << "::staticMetaObject);\n";
}

QString CppGenerator::getSimpleClassInitFunctionName(const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass)
{
    QString initFunctionName;
    // Disambiguate namespaces per module to allow for extending them.
    if (metaClass->isNamespace())
        initFunctionName += moduleName();
    initFunctionName += metaClass->qualifiedCppName();
    initFunctionName.replace(u"::"_s, u"_"_s);
    return initFunctionName;
}

QString
    CppGenerator::getSimpleClassStaticFieldsInitFunctionName(const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass)
{
    return u"init_"_s + getSimpleClassInitFunctionName(metaClass)
        + u"StaticFields"_s;
}

QString CppGenerator::getInitFunctionName(const GeneratorContext &context)
{
    return getSimpleClassInitFunctionName(context.metaClass());
}

static QString formatHex(const QByteArray &data)
{
    QString result;
    QTextStream str(&result);
    const auto oldFieldWidth = str.fieldWidth();
    str.setIntegerBase(16);
    str.setPadChar(u'0');
    for (qsizetype c = 0, size = data.size(); c < size; ++c) {
        if (c != 0)
            str << (c % 16 == 0 ? ",\n" : ", ");
        str << "0x";
        str.setFieldWidth(2);
        str << uchar(data.at(c));
        str.setFieldWidth(oldFieldWidth);
    }
    return result;
}

static constexpr int compressionLevel = 9;      // almost no effect. Most blocks are small.

void CppGenerator::writeSignatureStrings(TextStream &s,
                                         const QString &signatures,
                                         const QString &arrayName,
                                         const char *comment)
{
    s << "// The signatures string for the " << comment << ".\n"
        << "// Multiple signatures have their index \"n:\" in front.\n"
        << "#if PYSIDE6_COMOPT_COMPRESS == 0\n"
        << "static const char *" << arrayName << "_SignatureStrings[] = {\n" << indent;
    const auto lines = QStringView{signatures}.split(u'\n', Qt::SkipEmptyParts);

    QByteArray buffer;
    buffer.reserve(signatures.size());
    for (auto line : lines) {
        // must anything be escaped?
        if (line.contains(u'"') || line.contains(u'\\'))
            s << "R\"CPP(" << line << ")CPP\",\n";
        else
            s << '"' << line << "\",\n";
        // collect also for compression
        buffer += line.toLatin1();
        buffer += '\n';
    }

    // The Qt compressor has a 4-byte big endian length in front.
    QByteArray compressed = qCompress(buffer, compressionLevel).sliced(4);
    const auto binSize = compressed.size();
    const auto adjustSize = qMax(binSize, 1);   // Windows
    if (compressed.isEmpty())
        compressed.append('\0');

    s << NULL_PTR << "}; // Sentinel\n" << outdent
        << "#else\n"
        << "static constexpr size_t " << arrayName << "_SignatureByteSize = " << binSize << ";\n"
        << "static constexpr uint8_t " << arrayName << "_SignatureBytes[" << adjustSize << "] = {\n"
        << indent << formatHex(compressed) << outdent << "\n};\n"
        << "#endif\n\n";
}

// Return the class name for which to invoke the destructor
QString CppGenerator::destructorClassName(const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass,
                                          const GeneratorContext &classContext)
{
    if (metaClass->isNamespace() || metaClass->hasPrivateDestructor())
        return {};
    if (classContext.forSmartPointer())
        return classContext.effectiveClassName();
    const bool isValue = metaClass->typeEntry()->isValue();
    const bool hasProtectedDestructor = metaClass->hasProtectedDestructor();
    if (((avoidProtectedHack() && hasProtectedDestructor) || isValue)
        && classContext.useWrapper()) {
        return classContext.wrapperName();
    }
    if (avoidProtectedHack() && hasProtectedDestructor)
        return {}; // Cannot call (happens with "disable-wrapper").
    return metaClass->qualifiedCppName();
}

// Return the base type entries for introduceWrapperType()
static ComplexTypeEntryCList pyBaseTypeEntries(const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass)
{
    ComplexTypeEntryCList result;
    if (metaClass->isNamespace()) {
        if (auto extended = metaClass->extendedNamespace())
            result.append(extended->typeEntry());
        return result;
    }

    const auto &baseClasses = metaClass->typeSystemBaseClasses();
    for (auto base : baseClasses) {
        for (; base != nullptr; base = base->baseClass()) { // Find a type that is not disabled.
            const auto ct = base->typeEntry()->codeGeneration();
            if (ct == TypeEntry::GenerateCode || ct == TypeEntry::GenerateForSubclass) {
                result.append(base->typeEntry());
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    return result;
}

// Return the base type strings for introduceWrapperType()
QStringList CppGenerator::pyBaseTypes(const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass)
{
    const auto &baseEntries = pyBaseTypeEntries(metaClass);
    QStringList result;
    for (const auto &baseEntry : baseEntries)
        result.append("reinterpret_cast<PyObject *>("_L1 + cpythonTypeNameExt(baseEntry) + u')');
    if (result.isEmpty()) // no base classes -> SbkObjectType.
        result.append(sbkObjectTypeF);
    return result;
}

void CppGenerator::writeInitInheritance(TextStream &s) const
{
    s << "static void " << initInheritanceFunction << "()\n{\n" << indent
        << "auto &bm = Shiboken::BindingManager::instance();\n"
        << sbkUnusedVariableCast("bm");
    for (const auto &cls : api().classes()){
        auto te = cls->typeEntry();
        if (shouldGenerate(te)) {
            const auto &baseEntries = pyBaseTypeEntries(cls);
            if (!baseEntries.isEmpty()) {
                const QString childTypeInitStruct = typeInitStruct(cls->typeEntry());
                for (const auto &baseEntry : baseEntries) {
                    s << "bm.addClassInheritance(&" << typeInitStruct(baseEntry) << ",\n"
                      << Pad(' ', 23) << '&' << childTypeInitStruct << ");\n";
                }
            }
        }
    }
    s << outdent << "}\n\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeClassRegister(TextStream &s,
                                      const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass,
                                      const GeneratorContext &classContext,
                                      const QString &signatures) const
{
    ComplexTypeEntryCPtr classTypeEntry = metaClass->typeEntry();

    AbstractMetaClassCPtr enc = metaClass->targetLangEnclosingClass();
    QString enclosingObjectVariable = enc ? u"enclosingClass"_s : u"module"_s;

    QString pyTypePrefix = cpythonBaseName(metaClass);
    QString initFunctionName = getInitFunctionName(classContext);

    // PYSIDE-510: Create a signatures string for the introspection feature.
    writeSignatureStrings(s, signatures, initFunctionName, "functions");
    s << "PyTypeObject *init_" << initFunctionName
        << "(PyObject *" << enclosingObjectVariable << ")\n{\n" << indent;

    const QString globalTypeVarExpr = !classContext.forSmartPointer()
                                      ? cpythonTypeNameExtSet(classTypeEntry)
                                      : cpythonTypeNameExtSet(classContext.preciseType());
    s << "if (" << globalTypeVarExpr << " != nullptr)\n" << indent
        << "return " << globalTypeVarExpr << ";\n\n" << outdent;

    // Multiple inheritance
    QString pyTypeBasesVariable = pyTypePrefix + u"_Type_bases"_s;
    const QStringList pyBases = pyBaseTypes(metaClass);
    s << "Shiboken::AutoDecRef " << pyTypeBasesVariable << "(PyTuple_Pack("
        << pyBases.size() << ",\n" << indent;
    for (qsizetype i = 0, size = pyBases.size(); i < size; ++i) {
        if (i)
            s << ",\n";
        s << pyBases.at(i);
    }
    s << "));\n\n" << outdent;

    // Create type and insert it in the module or enclosing class.
    const QString typePtr = u"_"_s + pyTypePrefix + u"_Type"_s;

    s << typePtr << " = Shiboken::ObjectType::introduceWrapperType(\n" << indent;
    // 1:enclosingObject
    s << enclosingObjectVariable << ",\n";

    // 2:typeName
    s << "\"" << metaClass->name() << "\",\n";

    // 3:originalName
    s << "\"";
    if (!classContext.forSmartPointer()) {
        s << metaClass->qualifiedCppName();
        if (classTypeEntry->isObject())
            s << '*';
    } else {
        s << classContext.preciseType().cppSignature();
    }

    s << "\",\n";
    // 4:typeSpec
    s << '&' << pyTypePrefix << "_spec,\n";

    // 5:cppObjDtor
    QString dtorClassName = destructorClassName(metaClass, classContext);
    if (dtorClassName.isEmpty())
        s << "nullptr,\n";
    else
        s << "&Shiboken::callCppDestructor< " << globalScopePrefix(classContext)
            << dtorClassName << " >,\n";

    // 7:baseTypes
    s << pyTypeBasesVariable << ".object()," << '\n';

    // 8:wrapperflags
    QByteArrayList wrapperFlags;
    if (enc)
        wrapperFlags.append("Shiboken::ObjectType::WrapperFlags::InnerClass"_ba);
    if (metaClass->deleteInMainThread())
        wrapperFlags.append("Shiboken::ObjectType::WrapperFlags::DeleteInMainThread"_ba);
    if (classTypeEntry->isValue())
        wrapperFlags.append("Shiboken::ObjectType::WrapperFlags::Value"_ba);
    if (wrapperFlags.isEmpty())
        s << '0';
    else
        s << wrapperFlags.join(" | ");

    s << outdent << ");\nauto *pyType = " << typePtr << "; // references "
        << typePtr << "\n"
        << outdent << "#if PYSIDE6_COMOPT_COMPRESS == 0\n" << indent
        << "InitSignatureStrings(pyType, " << initFunctionName << "_SignatureStrings);\n"
        << outdent << "#else\n" << indent
        << "InitSignatureBytes(pyType, " << initFunctionName << "_SignatureBytes, "
        << initFunctionName << "_SignatureByteSize);\n"
        << outdent << "#endif\n" << indent;

    if (usePySideExtensions() && !classContext.forSmartPointer())
        s << "SbkObjectType_SetPropertyStrings(pyType, "
            << pyTypePrefix << "_PropertyStrings);\n";
    s << globalTypeVarExpr << " = pyType;\n\n";

    // Register conversions for the type.
    writeConverterRegister(s, metaClass, classContext);
    s << '\n';

    if (classContext.forSmartPointer())
        writeSmartPointerConverterInitialization(s, classContext.preciseType());

    // class inject-code target/beginning
    if (!classTypeEntry->codeSnips().isEmpty()) {
        writeClassCodeSnips(s, classTypeEntry->codeSnips(),
                            TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionBeginning, TypeSystem::TargetLangCode,
                            classContext);
        s << '\n';
    }

    // Fill multiple inheritance data, if needed.
    const auto miClass = getMultipleInheritingClass(metaClass);
    if (miClass) {
        s << "MultipleInheritanceInitFunction func = ";
        if (miClass == metaClass) {
            s << multipleInheritanceInitializerFunctionName(miClass) << ";\n";
        } else {
            s << "Shiboken::ObjectType::getMultipleInheritanceFunction("
                << cpythonTypeNameExt(miClass->typeEntry()) << ");\n";
        }
        s << "Shiboken::ObjectType::setMultipleInheritanceFunction("
            << cpythonTypeName(metaClass) << ", func);\n"
            << "Shiboken::ObjectType::setCastFunction(" << cpythonTypeName(metaClass)
            << ", &" << cpythonSpecialCastFunctionName(metaClass) << ");\n";
    }

    // Set typediscovery struct or fill the struct of another one
    if (needsTypeDiscoveryFunction(metaClass)) {
        s << "Shiboken::ObjectType::setTypeDiscoveryFunctionV2(\n" << indent
            << cpythonTypeName(metaClass)
            << ", &" << cpythonBaseName(metaClass) << "_typeDiscovery);" << outdent << "\n\n";
    }

    AbstractMetaEnumList classEnums = metaClass->enums();
    metaClass->getEnumsFromInvisibleNamespacesToBeGenerated(&classEnums);

    if (!classContext.forSmartPointer() && !classEnums.isEmpty())
        s << "// Pass the ..._EnumFlagInfo to the class.\n"
            << "SbkObjectType_SetEnumFlagInfo(pyType, " << pyTypePrefix
            << "_EnumFlagInfo);\n\n";
    writeEnumsInitialization(s, classEnums);

    if (metaClass->hasSignals())
        writeSignalInitialization(s, metaClass);

    // class inject-code target/end
    if (!classTypeEntry->codeSnips().isEmpty()) {
        s << '\n';
        writeClassCodeSnips(s, classTypeEntry->codeSnips(),
                            TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionEnd, TypeSystem::TargetLangCode,
                            classContext);
    }

    if (usePySideExtensions()) {
        if (avoidProtectedHack() && classContext.useWrapper())
            s << classContext.wrapperName() << "::pysideInitQtMetaTypes();\n";
        else
            writeInitQtMetaTypeFunctionBody(s, classContext);
    }

    if (usePySideExtensions() && isQObject(metaClass)) {
        s << "Shiboken::ObjectType::setSubTypeInitHook(pyType, &PySide::initQObjectSubType);\n"
          << "PySide::initDynamicMetaObject(pyType, &" << m_gsp
            << metaClass->qualifiedCppName() << "::staticMetaObject, sizeof("
            << (shouldGenerateCppWrapper(metaClass)
                ? wrapperName(metaClass) : getFullTypeName(metaClass))
            << "));\n";
    }

    s << "\nreturn pyType;\n" << outdent << "}\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeStaticFieldInitialization(TextStream &s,
                                                  const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass)
{
    // cpythonTypeName == "Sbk_QRhiShaderResourceBinding_Data_TypeF"
    QString name = cpythonTypeName(metaClass);
    const auto parts = QStringView{name}.split(u'_', Qt::SkipEmptyParts);
    if (parts.size() < 4) {
        s << "\nPyTypeObject *" << getSimpleClassStaticFieldsInitFunctionName(metaClass)
            << "(PyObject *module)\n{\n" << indent
            << "Shiboken::AutoDecRef obType(PyObject_GetAttrString(module, \"" << metaClass->name() << "\"));\n"
            << "auto *type = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject *>(obType.object());\n"
            << "Shiboken::AutoDecRef dict(PepType_GetDict(type));\n";
    } else {
        s << "\nPyTypeObject *" << getSimpleClassStaticFieldsInitFunctionName(metaClass)
            << "(PyObject *module)\n{\n" << indent
            << "auto *obContainerType = PyObject_GetAttrString(module, \""
            << parts.at(1) << "\");\n"
            << "auto *obType = PyObject_GetAttrString(obContainerType, \""
            << parts.at(2) << "\");\n"
            << "auto *type = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject *>(obType);\n"
            << "Shiboken::AutoDecRef dict(PepType_GetDict(type));\n";
    }
    for (const AbstractMetaField &field : metaClass->fields()) {
        if (field.isStatic()) {
            s << "PyDict_SetItemString(dict, \"" << field.name()
                << "\",\n                     ";
            writeToPythonConversion(s, field.type(), metaClass, field.qualifiedCppName());
            s << ");\n";
        }
    }
    s << "return type;\n" << outdent << "}\n";
}

enum class QtRegisterMetaType
{
    None, Pointer, Value
};

static bool hasQtMetaTypeRegistrationSpec(const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &c)
{
    return c->typeEntry()->qtMetaTypeRegistration() !=
           TypeSystem::QtMetaTypeRegistration::Unspecified;
}

// Returns if and how to register the Qt meta type. By default, "pointer" for
// non-QObject object types and "value" for non-abstract, default-constructible
// value types.
QtRegisterMetaType qtMetaTypeRegistration(const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &c)
{
    if (c->isNamespace())
        return QtRegisterMetaType::None;

    // Specified in type system?
    const bool isObject = c->isObjectType();
    switch (c->typeEntry()->qtMetaTypeRegistration()) {
    case TypeSystem::QtMetaTypeRegistration::Disabled:
        return QtRegisterMetaType::None;
    case TypeSystem::QtMetaTypeRegistration::Enabled:
    case TypeSystem::QtMetaTypeRegistration::BaseEnabled:
        return isObject ? QtRegisterMetaType::Pointer : QtRegisterMetaType::Value;
    case TypeSystem::QtMetaTypeRegistration::Unspecified:
        break;
    }

    // Is there a "base" specification in some base class, meaning only the
    // base class is to be registered?
    if (auto base = recurseClassHierarchy(c, hasQtMetaTypeRegistrationSpec)) {
        const auto baseSpec = base->typeEntry()->qtMetaTypeRegistration();
        if (baseSpec == TypeSystem::QtMetaTypeRegistration::BaseEnabled)
            return QtRegisterMetaType::None;
    }

    // Default.
    if (isObject)
        return isQObject(c) ? QtRegisterMetaType::None : QtRegisterMetaType::Pointer;

    return !c->isAbstract() && c->isDefaultConstructible()
        ? QtRegisterMetaType::Value : QtRegisterMetaType::None;
}

void CppGenerator::writeInitQtMetaTypeFunctionBody(TextStream &s, const GeneratorContext &context)
{
    const auto metaClass = context.metaClass();
    // Gets all class name variants used on different possible scopes
    QStringList nameVariants;
    if (!context.forSmartPointer())
        nameVariants << metaClass->name();
    else
        nameVariants << context.preciseType().cppSignature();

    AbstractMetaClassCPtr enclosingClass = metaClass->enclosingClass();
    while (enclosingClass) {
        if (enclosingClass->typeEntry()->generateCode())
            nameVariants << (enclosingClass->name() + u"::"_s + nameVariants.constLast());
        enclosingClass = enclosingClass->enclosingClass();
    }

    QString className;
    if (!context.forSmartPointer())
        className = metaClass->qualifiedCppName();
    else
        className = context.preciseType().cppSignature();

    // Register meta types for signal/slot connections to work
    // Qt metatypes are registered only on their first use, so we do this now.
    switch (qtMetaTypeRegistration(metaClass)) {
    case QtRegisterMetaType::None:
        break;
    case QtRegisterMetaType::Pointer:
        s << "qRegisterMetaType< " << m_gsp << className << " *>();\n";
        break;
    case QtRegisterMetaType::Value:
        for (const QString &name : std::as_const(nameVariants))
            s << "qRegisterMetaType< " << m_gsp << className << " >(\"" << name << "\");\n";
        break;
    }

    for (const AbstractMetaEnum &metaEnum : metaClass->enums()) {
        if (!metaEnum.isPrivate() && !metaEnum.isAnonymous()
            && metaEnum.typeEntry()->qtMetaTypeRegistration() != TypeSystem::QtMetaTypeRegistration::Disabled) {
            for (const QString &name : std::as_const(nameVariants)) {
                s << "qRegisterMetaType< " << m_gsp
                    << metaEnum.typeEntry()->qualifiedCppName() << " >(\""
                    << name << "::" << metaEnum.name() << "\");\n";
            }
        }
    }
}

void CppGenerator::replacePolymorphicIdPlaceHolders(const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass,
                                                    QString *id)
{
    if (id->contains("%1"_L1)) {
        QString replacement = " reinterpret_cast< "_L1 + m_gsp + metaClass->qualifiedCppName()
                              + " *>(cptr)"_L1;
        id->replace("%1"_L1, replacement);
    }
    if (id->contains("%B"_L1)) {
        auto baseClass = metaClass;
        while (!baseClass->typeEntry()->isPolymorphicBase() && baseClass->baseClass())
            baseClass = baseClass->baseClass();
        QString replacement = " reinterpret_cast< "_L1 + m_gsp + baseClass->qualifiedCppName()
                              + " *>(cptr)"_L1;
        id->replace("%B"_L1, replacement);
    }
}

void CppGenerator::writeTypeDiscoveryFunction(TextStream &s,
                                              const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass)
{
    QString polymorphicExpr = metaClass->typeEntry()->polymorphicIdValue();

    s << "static void *" << cpythonBaseName(metaClass)
        << "_typeDiscovery(void *cptr, PyTypeObject *instanceType)\n{\n" << indent
        << sbkUnusedVariableCast("cptr")
        << sbkUnusedVariableCast("instanceType");

    if (!polymorphicExpr.isEmpty()) {
        replacePolymorphicIdPlaceHolders(metaClass, &polymorphicExpr);
        s << "if (" << polymorphicExpr << ")\n" << indent
            << "return cptr;\n" << outdent;
    } else if (metaClass->isPolymorphic()) {
        const auto &ancestors = metaClass->allTypeSystemAncestors();
        for (const auto &ancestor : ancestors) {
            if (ancestor->baseClass() && !ancestor->typeEntry()->isPolymorphicBase())
                continue;
            if (ancestor->isPolymorphic()) {
                s << "if (instanceType == Shiboken::SbkType< " << m_gsp
                    << ancestor->qualifiedCppName() << " >())\n" << indent
                    << "return dynamic_cast< " << getFullTypeName(metaClass)
                    << " *>(reinterpret_cast< "<< getFullTypeName(ancestor)
                    << " *>(cptr));\n" << outdent;
            } else {
                qCWarning(lcShiboken).noquote().nospace()
                    << metaClass->qualifiedCppName() << " inherits from a non polymorphic type ("
                    << ancestor->qualifiedCppName() << "), type discovery based on RTTI is "
                       "impossible, write a polymorphic-id-expression for this type.";
            }

        }
    }
    s << "return {};\n" << outdent << "}\n\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeSetattroDefinition(TextStream &s,
                                           const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass)
{
    s << "static int " << ShibokenGenerator::cpythonSetattroFunctionName(metaClass)
        << "(PyObject *self, PyObject *name, PyObject *value)\n{\n" << indent;
    if (wrapperDiagnostics()) {
        s << R"(std::cerr << __FUNCTION__ << ' ' << Shiboken::debugPyObject(name)
        << ' ' << Shiboken::debugPyObject(value) << '\n';)" << '\n';
    }
}

void CppGenerator::writeSetattroDefaultReturn(TextStream &s)
{
    s << "return PyObject_GenericSetAttr(self, name, value);\n"
        << outdent << "}\n\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeSetattroFunction(TextStream &s, AttroCheck attroCheck,
                                         const GeneratorContext &context) const
{
    Q_ASSERT(!context.forSmartPointer());
    const auto metaClass = context.metaClass();
    writeSetattroDefinition(s, metaClass);

    // PYSIDE-1019: Switch tp_dict before doing tp_setattro.
    if (usePySideExtensions())
        s << "PySide::Feature::Select(self);\n";

    // PYSIDE-803: Detect duck-punching; clear cache if a method is set.
    if (attroCheck.testFlag(AttroCheckFlag::SetattroMethodOverride)
            && context.useWrapper()) {
        s << "if (value != nullptr && PyCallable_Check(value) != 0) {\n" << indent
            << "auto plain_inst = " << cpythonWrapperCPtr(metaClass, PYTHON_SELF_VAR) << ";\n"
            << "auto *inst = dynamic_cast<" << context.wrapperName() << " *>(plain_inst);\n"
            << "if (inst != nullptr)\n" << indent
            << "inst->resetPyMethodCache();\n" << outdent << outdent
            << "}\n";
    }
    if (attroCheck.testFlag(AttroCheckFlag::SetattroQObject)) {
        s << "Shiboken::AutoDecRef pp(reinterpret_cast<PyObject *>(PySide::Property::getObject(self, name)));\n"
            << "if (!pp.isNull())\n" << indent
            << "return PySide::Property::setValue(reinterpret_cast<PySideProperty *>(pp.object()), self, value);\n"
            << outdent;
    }

    if (attroCheck.testFlag(AttroCheckFlag::SetattroUser)) {
        auto func = AbstractMetaClass::queryFirstFunction(metaClass->functions(),
                                                          FunctionQueryOption::SetAttroFunction);
        Q_ASSERT(func);
        s << "{\n" << indent
            << "auto " << CPP_SELF_VAR << " = "
            << cpythonWrapperCPtr(metaClass, PYTHON_SELF_VAR) << ";\n";
        writeClassCodeSnips(s, func->injectedCodeSnips(), TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionAny,
                            TypeSystem::TargetLangCode, context);
        s << outdent << "}\n";
    }

    writeSetattroDefaultReturn(s);
}

void CppGenerator::writeGetattroDefinition(TextStream &s, const AbstractMetaClassCPtr &metaClass)
{
    s << "static PyObject *" << cpythonGetattroFunctionName(metaClass)
        << "(PyObject *self, PyObject *name)\n{\n" << indent;
}

QString CppGenerator::qObjectGetAttroFunction() const
{
    static QString result;
    if (result.isEmpty()) {
        auto qobjectClass = AbstractMetaClass::findClass(api().classes(), qObjectT);
        Q_ASSERT(qobjectClass);
        result = u"PySide::getHiddenDataFromQObject("_s
                 + cpythonWrapperCPtr(qobjectClass, PYTHON_SELF_VAR)
                 + u", self, name)"_s;
    }
    return result;
}

void CppGenerator::writeGetattroFunction(TextStream &s, AttroCheck attroCheck,
                                         const GeneratorContext &context) const
{
    Q_ASSERT(!context.forSmartPointer());
    const auto metaClass = context.metaClass();
    writeGetattroDefinition(s, metaClass);

    // PYSIDE-1019: Switch tp_dict before doing tp_getattro.
    if (usePySideExtensions())
        s << "PySide::Feature::Select(self);\n";

    const QString getattrFunc = usePySideExtensions() && isQObject(metaClass)
        ? qObjectGetAttroFunction() : u"PyObject_GenericGetAttr(self, name)"_s;

    if (attroCheck.testFlag(AttroCheckFlag::GetattroOverloads)) {
        s << "// Search the method in the instance dict\n"
            << "auto *ob_dict = SbkObject_GetDict_NoRef(self);\n";
        s << "if (auto *meth = PyDict_GetItem(ob_dict, name)) {\n" << indent
            << "Py_INCREF(meth);\nreturn meth;\n" << outdent << "}\n"
            << "// Search the method in the type dict\n"
            << "if (Shiboken::Object::isUserType(self)) {\n" << indent;
        // PYSIDE-772: Perform optimized name mangling.
        s << "Shiboken::AutoDecRef tmp(_Pep_PrivateMangle(self, name));\n"
            << "Shiboken::AutoDecRef tpDict(PepType_GetDict(Py_TYPE(self)));\n"
            << "if (auto *meth = PyDict_GetItem(tpDict.object(), tmp)) {\n" << indent;
        // PYSIDE-1523: PyFunction_Check is not accepting compiled functions.
        s << "if (std::strcmp(Py_TYPE(meth)->tp_name, \"compiled_function\") == 0) {\n" << indent
            << "auto descrGetFunc = "
            << pyTypeGetSlot("descrgetfunc", "Py_TYPE(meth)", "Py_tp_descr_get") << ";\n"
            << "return descrGetFunc(meth, self, nullptr);\n" << outdent
            << "}\nreturn PyFunction_Check(meth) ? PyMethod_New(meth, self)\n"
            << "                              : " << getattrFunc << ";\n" << outdent
            << "}\n" << outdent << "}\n";

        const auto &funcs = getMethodsWithBothStaticAndNonStaticMethods(metaClass);
        for (const auto &func : funcs) {
            QString defName = cpythonMethodDefinitionName(func);
            s << "static PyMethodDef non_static_" << defName << " = {\n" << indent
                << defName << ".ml_name,\n"
                << defName << ".ml_meth,\n"
                << defName << ".ml_flags & (~METH_STATIC),\n"
                << defName << ".ml_doc,\n" << outdent
                << "};\n"
                << "if (Shiboken::String::compare(name, \""
                << func->definitionNames().constFirst() << "\") == 0)\n" << indent
                << "return PyCFunction_NewEx(&non_static_" << defName << ", self, 0);\n"
                << outdent;
        }
    }

    if (attroCheck.testFlag(AttroCheckFlag::GetattroUser)) {
        auto func = AbstractMetaClass::queryFirstFunction(metaClass->functions(),
                                                          FunctionQueryOption::GetAttroFunction);
        Q_ASSERT(func);
        s << "{\n" << indent
            << "auto " << CPP_SELF_VAR << " = "
            << cpythonWrapperCPtr(metaClass, PYTHON_SELF_VAR) << ";\n";
        writeClassCodeSnips(s, func->injectedCodeSnips(), TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionAny,
                            TypeSystem::TargetLangCode, context);
        s << outdent << "}\n";
    }

    s << "return " << getattrFunc << ";\n" << outdent << "}\n\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeNbBoolExpression(TextStream &s, const BoolCastFunction &f,
                                         bool invert)
{
    if (f.function->isOperatorBool()) {
        if (invert)
            s << '!';
        s << '*' << CPP_SELF_VAR;
        return;
    }
    if (invert != f.invert)
        s << '!';
    s << CPP_SELF_VAR << "->" << f.function->name() << "()";
}

void CppGenerator::writeNbBoolFunction(const GeneratorContext &context,
                                       const BoolCastFunction &f,
                                       TextStream &s)
{
    s << "static int " << cpythonBaseName(context.metaClass()) << "___nb_bool(PyObject *self)\n"
      << "{\n" << indent;
    writeCppSelfDefinition(s, context, ErrorReturn::MinusOne);

    const bool allowThread = f.function->allowThread();
    if (allowThread)
        s << "int result;\n" << BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS << "\nresult = ";
    else
        s << "return ";

    writeNbBoolExpression(s, f);
    s << " ? 1 : 0;\n";

    if (allowThread)
        s << END_ALLOW_THREADS << "\nreturn result;\n";
    s << outdent << "}\n\n";
}

// Write declaration and invocation of the init function for the module init
// function.
static void writeInitFuncDecl(TextStream &declStr,
                              const QString &functionName)
{
    declStr << "PyTypeObject *" << functionName  << "(PyObject *enclosing);\n";
}

// Write declaration and invocation of the init function for the module init
// function.
void CppGenerator::writeInitFuncCall(TextStream &callStr,
                                     const QString &functionName,
                                     const TypeEntryCPtr &enclosingEntry,
                                     const QString &pythonName, bool lazy)
{
    const bool hasParent = enclosingEntry && enclosingEntry->type() != TypeEntry::TypeSystemType;
    if (!lazy) {
        const QString enclosing = hasParent
            ? "reinterpret_cast<PyObject *>("_L1 + cpythonTypeNameExt(enclosingEntry) + u')'
            : "module"_L1;
        callStr << functionName << '(' << enclosing << ");\n";
    } else if (hasParent) {
        const QString &enclosingName = enclosingEntry->targetLangName();
        const auto parts = QStringView{enclosingName}.split(u".", Qt::SkipEmptyParts);
        callStr << "Shiboken::Module::AddTypeCreationFunction("
            << "module, \"" << parts[0] << "\", "
            << functionName << ", \"" << enclosingName << '.' << pythonName << "\");\n";
    } else {
        callStr << "Shiboken::Module::AddTypeCreationFunction("
            << "module, \"" << pythonName << "\", "
            << functionName << ");\n";
    }
}

static void writeSubModuleHandling(TextStream &s, const QString &moduleName,
                                   const QString &subModuleOf)
{
    s << "{\n" << indent
        << "Shiboken::AutoDecRef parentModule(Shiboken::Module::import(\""
        << subModuleOf << "\"));\n"
        << "if (parentModule.isNull())\n" << indent
        << "return nullptr;\n" << outdent
        << "if (PepModule_Add(parentModule.object(), \"" << moduleName
        << "\", module) < 0)\n"
        << indent << "return nullptr;\n" << outdent << outdent << "}\n";
}

static QString writeModuleDef(TextStream &s, const QString &moduleName,
                              const QString &execFunc)
{
    QString moduleDef = moduleName + "ModuleDef"_L1;
    s << "static PyModuleDef_Slot " << moduleName << R"(ModuleSlots[] = {
    {Py_mod_exec, reinterpret_cast<void *>()" << execFunc << R"()},
#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION) && ((!defined(Py_LIMITED_API) && PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030C0000) || (defined(Py_LIMITED_API) && Py_LIMITED_API >= 0x030C0000))
    {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_MULTIPLE_INTERPRETERS_NOT_SUPPORTED},
#endif
#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_USED},
#endif
    {0, nullptr}
};

static struct PyModuleDef )" << moduleDef << R"( = {
    /* m_base     */ PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
    /* m_name     */ ")" << moduleName << R"(",
    /* m_doc      */ nullptr,
    /* m_size     */ 0,
    /* m_methods  */ )" << moduleName << R"(Methods,
    /* m_slots    */ )" << moduleName << R"(ModuleSlots,
    /* m_traverse */ nullptr,
    /* m_clear    */ nullptr,
    /* m_free     */ nullptr
};

)";
    return moduleDef;
}

bool CppGenerator::finishGeneration()
{
    //Generate CPython wrapper file
    StringStream s_classInitDecl(TextStream::Language::Cpp);
    StringStream s_classPythonDefines(TextStream::Language::Cpp);

    std::set<Include> includes;
    StringStream s_globalFunctionImpl(TextStream::Language::Cpp);
    StringStream s_globalFunctionDef(TextStream::Language::Cpp);
    StringStream signatureStream(TextStream::Language::Cpp);

    const auto functionGroups = getGlobalFunctionGroups();
    for (auto it = functionGroups.cbegin(), end = functionGroups.cend(); it != end; ++it) {
        const AbstractMetaFunctionCList &overloads = it.value();
        for (const auto &func : overloads) {
            if (auto te = func->typeEntry())
                includes.insert(te->include());
        }

        if (overloads.isEmpty())
            continue;

        // Dummy context to satisfy the API.
        GeneratorContext classContext;
        OverloadData overloadData(overloads, api());

        writeMethodWrapper(s_globalFunctionImpl, overloadData, classContext);
        writeSignatureInfo(signatureStream, overloadData);
        s_globalFunctionDef << methodDefinitionEntries(overloadData);
    }

    AbstractMetaClassCList classesWithStaticFields;
    for (const auto &cls : api().classes()){
        auto te = cls->typeEntry();
        if (shouldGenerate(te)) {
            const bool hasConfigCondition = te->hasConfigCondition();
            if (hasConfigCondition) {
                s_classInitDecl << te->configCondition() << '\n';
                s_classPythonDefines << te->configCondition() << '\n';
            }
            const QString initFunc = initFuncPrefix + getSimpleClassInitFunctionName(cls);
            writeInitFuncDecl(s_classInitDecl, initFunc);
            writeInitFuncCall(s_classPythonDefines, initFunc,
                              targetLangEnclosingEntry(te), cls->name());
            if (cls->hasStaticFields()) {
                s_classInitDecl << "PyTypeObject *"
                    << getSimpleClassStaticFieldsInitFunctionName(cls) << "(PyObject *module);\n";
                classesWithStaticFields.append(cls);
            }
            if (hasConfigCondition) {
                s_classInitDecl << "#endif\n";
                s_classPythonDefines << "#endif\n";
            }
        }
    }

    // Initialize smart pointer types.
    for (const auto &smp : api().instantiatedSmartPointers()) {
        GeneratorContext context = contextForSmartPointer(smp.specialized, smp.type);
        const auto enclosingClass = context.metaClass()->enclosingClass();
        auto enclosingTypeEntry = targetLangEnclosingEntry(smp.specialized->typeEntry());

        const QString initFunc = initFuncPrefix + getInitFunctionName(context);
        writeInitFuncDecl(s_classInitDecl, initFunc);
        writeInitFuncCall(s_classPythonDefines,
                          initFunc, enclosingTypeEntry, smp.specialized->name());
        includes.insert(smp.type.instantiations().constFirst().typeEntry()->include());
    }

    for (const auto &instantiatedContainer : api().instantiatedContainers()) {
        includes.insert(instantiatedContainer.typeEntry()->include());
        for (const auto &inst : instantiatedContainer.instantiations())
            includes.insert(inst.typeEntry()->include());
    }

    const ExtendedConverterData extendedConverters = getExtendedConverters();
    for (auto it = extendedConverters.cbegin(), end = extendedConverters.cend(); it != end; ++it) {
        const TypeEntryCPtr &te = it.key();
        includes.insert(te->include());
        for (const auto &metaClass : it.value())
            includes.insert(metaClass->typeEntry()->include());
    }

    const QList<CustomConversionPtr> &typeConversions = getPrimitiveCustomConversions();
    for (const auto &c : typeConversions) {
        if (auto te = c->ownerType())
            includes.insert(te->include());
    }

    QString moduleFileName(outputDirectory() + u'/' + subDirectoryForPackage(packageName()));
    moduleFileName += u'/' + moduleName().toLower() + u"_module_wrapper.cpp"_s;

    FileOut file(moduleFileName);

    TextStream &s = file.stream;
    s.setLanguage(TextStream::Language::Cpp);

    // write license comment
    s << licenseComment() << R"(
#include <sbkpep.h>
#include <shiboken.h>
#include <sbkbindingutils.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include <signature.h>
)";

    if (!api().instantiatedContainers().isEmpty())
        s << "#include <sbkcontainer.h>\n#include <sbkstaticstrings.h>\n";

    s << '\n' << compilerOptionOptimize() << '\n';
    if (usePySideExtensions()) {
        s << includeQDebug;
        s << R"(#include <pysidecleanup.h>
#include <pysideqenum.h>
#include <feature_select.h>
#include <pysidestaticstrings.h>
)";
    }

    s << "#include \"" << getModuleHeaderFileName() << '"'  << "\n\n";
    for (const Include &include : includes)
        s << include;
    s << '\n';

    // Global enums
    AbstractMetaEnumList globalEnums = api().globalEnums();
    for (const auto &nsp : invisibleTopNamespaces()) {
        const auto oldSize = globalEnums.size();
        nsp->getEnumsToBeGenerated(&globalEnums);
        if (globalEnums.size() > oldSize)
            s << nsp->typeEntry()->include();
    }

    TypeDatabase *typeDb = TypeDatabase::instance();
    TypeSystemTypeEntryCPtr moduleEntry = typeDb->defaultTypeSystemType();
    Q_ASSERT(moduleEntry);

    s  << '\n';
    // Extra includes
    QList<Include> extraIncludes = moduleEntry->extraIncludes();
    for (const AbstractMetaEnum &cppEnum : std::as_const(globalEnums))
        extraIncludes.append(cppEnum.typeEntry()->extraIncludes());
    if (!extraIncludes.isEmpty()) {
        s << "// Extra includes\n";
        std::sort(extraIncludes.begin(), extraIncludes.end());
        for (const Include &inc : std::as_const(extraIncludes))
            s << inc;
        s << '\n';
    }

    // FIXME PYSIDE-7: Remove backwards compatible structure
    s << "// Current module's type array.\n"
       << "Shiboken::Module::TypeInitStruct *" << cppApiVariableName() << " = nullptr;\n"
       << "// Backwards compatible structure with identical indexing.\n"
       << "PyTypeObject **" << cppApiVariableNameOld() << " = nullptr;\n"
       << "// Current module's converter array.\n"
       << "SbkConverter **" << convertersVariableName() << " = nullptr;\n\n";

    const CodeSnipList snips = moduleEntry->codeSnips();

    // module inject-code native/beginning
    writeModuleCodeSnips(s, snips, TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionBeginning, TypeSystem::NativeCode);

    // cleanup staticMetaObject attribute
    if (usePySideExtensions()) {
        QString iType = cppApiVariableName() + "[i].type"_L1;
        QString iName = cppApiVariableName() + "[i].fullName"_L1;

        s << "void cleanTypesAttributes() {\n" << indent
            << "static PyObject *attrName = Shiboken::PyName::qtStaticMetaObject();\n"
            << "const int imax = SBK_" << moduleName() << "_IDX_COUNT;\n"
            << "for (int i = 0; i < imax && " << iName << " != nullptr; ++i) {\n" << indent
            << "auto *pyType = reinterpret_cast<PyObject *>(" << iType << ");\n"
            << "if (pyType != nullptr && PyObject_HasAttr(pyType, attrName))\n" << indent
            << "PyObject_SetAttr(pyType, attrName, Py_None);\n" << outdent
            << outdent << "}\n" << outdent << "}\n\n";
    }

    s << "// Global functions "
        << "------------------------------------------------------------\n"
        << s_globalFunctionImpl.toString() << '\n'
        << "static PyMethodDef " << moduleName() << "Methods[] = {\n" << indent
        << s_globalFunctionDef.toString()
        << METHOD_DEF_SENTINEL << outdent << "};\n\n"
        << "// Classes initialization functions "
        << "------------------------------------------------------------\n"
        << s_classInitDecl.toString() << '\n';

    if (!globalEnums.isEmpty()) {
        StringStream convImpl(TextStream::Language::Cpp);

        s << "// Enum definitions "
            << "------------------------------------------------------------\n";
        for (const AbstractMetaEnum &cppEnum : std::as_const(globalEnums))
            writeEnumConverterFunctions(s, cppEnum);

        if (convImpl.size() > 0) {
            s << "// Enum converters "
                << "------------------------------------------------------------\n"
                << "namespace Shiboken\n{\n"
                << convImpl.toString() << '\n'
                << "} // namespace Shiboken\n\n";
        }

        s << '\n';
    }

    const QStringList &requiredModules = typeDb->requiredTargetImports();
    if (!requiredModules.isEmpty())
        s << "// Required modules' type and converter arrays.\n";
    for (const QString &requiredModule : requiredModules) {
        s << "Shiboken::Module::TypeInitStruct *" << cppApiVariableName(requiredModule) << ";\n"
            << "SbkConverter **" << convertersVariableName(requiredModule) << ";\n";
    }

    s << "\n// Module initialization "
        << "------------------------------------------------------------\n";
    if (!extendedConverters.isEmpty()) {
        s  << '\n' << "// Extended Converters.\n\n";
        for (ExtendedConverterData::const_iterator it = extendedConverters.cbegin(), end = extendedConverters.cend(); it != end; ++it) {
            const TypeEntryCPtr &externalType = it.key();
            s << "// Extended implicit conversions for "
                << externalType->qualifiedTargetLangName() << '.' << '\n';
            for (const auto &sourceClass : it.value()) {
                AbstractMetaType sourceType = AbstractMetaType::fromAbstractMetaClass(sourceClass);
                AbstractMetaType targetType = AbstractMetaType::fromTypeEntry(externalType);
                writePythonToCppConversionFunctions(s, sourceType, targetType);
            }
        }
    }

    if (!typeConversions.isEmpty()) {
        s  << "\n// Primitive Type converters.\n\n";
        for (const auto &conversion : typeConversions) {
            s << "// C++ to Python conversion for primitive type '" << conversion->ownerType()->qualifiedCppName() << "'.\n";
            writeCppToPythonFunction(s, conversion);
            writeCustomConverterFunctions(s, conversion);
        }
        s << '\n';
    }

    OpaqueContainerTypeHash opaqueContainers;
    const auto &containers = api().instantiatedContainers();
    QSet<AbstractMetaType> valueConverters;
    if (!containers.isEmpty()) {
        s << "// Container Type converters.\n\n";
        for (const AbstractMetaType &container : containers) {
            s << "// C++ to Python conversion for container type '"
                << container.cppSignature() << "'.\n";
            writeContainerConverterFunctions(s, container);
            if (container.generateOpaqueContainer()) {
                auto data = writeOpaqueContainerConverterFunctions(s, container,
                                                                   &valueConverters);
                opaqueContainers.insert(container, data);
            }
        }
        s << '\n';
    }

    const QString &modName =  moduleName();

    // PYSIDE-510: Create a signatures string for the introspection feature.
    writeSignatureStrings(s, signatureStream.toString(), moduleName(), "global functions");

    writeInitInheritance(s);

    const QString convInitFunc = "initConverters_"_L1 + modName;
    writeConverterInitFunc(s, convInitFunc, typeConversions, extendedConverters);
    const QString containerConvInitFunc = "initContainerConverters_"_L1 + modName;
    writeContainerConverterInitFunc(s, containerConvInitFunc, opaqueContainers);
    QString opaqueContainerRegisterFunc;
    if (!opaqueContainers.isEmpty()) {
        opaqueContainerRegisterFunc = "registerOpaqueContainers_"_L1 + modName;
        writeOpaqueContainerConverterRegisterFunc(s, opaqueContainerRegisterFunc,
                                                  opaqueContainers);
    }
    QString enumRegisterFunc;
    QString qtEnumRegisterMetaTypeFunc;
    if (!globalEnums.isEmpty()) {
        enumRegisterFunc = "registerEnums_"_L1 + modName;
        writeEnumsInitFunc(s, enumRegisterFunc, globalEnums);
        if (usePySideExtensions()) {
            qtEnumRegisterMetaTypeFunc = "registerEnumMetaTypes_"_L1 + modName;
            writeQtEnumRegisterMetaTypeFunction(s, qtEnumRegisterMetaTypeFunc, globalEnums);
        }
    }

    const QString execFunc = "exec_"_L1 + modName;
    writeModuleExecFunction(s, execFunc, opaqueContainerRegisterFunc, enumRegisterFunc,
                            s_classPythonDefines.toString(), classesWithStaticFields);

    const QString moduleDef = writeModuleDef(s, modName, execFunc);

    writeModuleInitFunction(s, moduleDef, execFunc, convInitFunc, containerConvInitFunc, qtEnumRegisterMetaTypeFunc);

    file.done();
    return true;
}

void CppGenerator::writeConverterInitFunc(TextStream &s,
                                          const QString &funcName,
                                          const QList<CustomConversionPtr> &typeConversions,
                                          const ExtendedConverterData &extendedConverters)
{
    s << "static void " << funcName << "()\n{\n" << indent;

    if (!typeConversions.isEmpty()) {
        s << "// Type conversions.\n";
        for (const auto &conversion : typeConversions) {
            writePrimitiveConverterInitialization(s, conversion);
            s << '\n';
        }
    }

    if (!extendedConverters.isEmpty()) {
        s << '\n';
        for (auto it = extendedConverters.cbegin(), end = extendedConverters.cend(); it != end; ++it) {
            writeExtendedConverterInitialization(s, it.key(), it.value());
            s << '\n';
        }
    }

    const PrimitiveTypeEntryCList &primitiveTypeList = primitiveTypes();
    if (!primitiveTypeList.isEmpty()) {
        s << "// Register primitive types converters.\n";
        for (const auto &pte : primitiveTypeList) {
            if (!pte->generateCode() || !isCppPrimitive(pte))
                continue;
            if (!pte->referencesType())
                continue;
            TypeEntryCPtr referencedType = basicReferencedTypeEntry(pte);
            s << registerConverterName(pte->qualifiedCppName(), converterObject(referencedType),
                                       registerConverterName::Alias
                                       | registerConverterName::PartiallyQualifiedAliases) << '\n';
        }
    }

    s << outdent << "}\n\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeContainerConverterInitFunc(TextStream &s,
                                                   const QString &funcName,
                                                   const OpaqueContainerTypeHash &opaqueContainers) const
{
    s << "static void " << funcName << "()\n{\n" << indent;

    const auto &containers = api().instantiatedContainers();
    if (!containers.isEmpty()) {
        for (const AbstractMetaType &container : containers) {
            const QString converterObj = writeContainerConverterInitialization(s, container, api());
            const auto it = opaqueContainers.constFind(container);
            if (it !=  opaqueContainers.constEnd()) {
                writeSetPythonToCppPointerConversion(s, converterObj,
                                                     it.value().pythonToConverterFunctionName,
                                                     it.value().converterCheckFunctionName);
            }
            s << '\n';
        }
    }

    s << outdent << "}\n\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeOpaqueContainerConverterRegisterFunc(TextStream &s, const QString &funcName,
                                                             const OpaqueContainerTypeHash &opaqueContainers)
{
    s << "static void " << funcName << "(PyObject *module)\n{\n" << indent
        << "PyTypeObject *pyType{};\n";
    if (usePySideExtensions()) {
        const bool hasQVariantConversion =
            std::any_of(opaqueContainers.cbegin(), opaqueContainers.cend(),
                        [](const OpaqueContainerData &d) { return d.hasQVariantConversion; });
        if (hasQVariantConversion) {
            const char qVariantConverterVar[] = "qVariantConverter";
            s << "auto *" << qVariantConverterVar
                << " = Shiboken::Conversions::getConverter(\"QVariant\");\n"
                << "Q_ASSERT(" << qVariantConverterVar << " != nullptr);\n";
        }
    }
    for (const auto &d : opaqueContainers)
        s << d.registrationCode;
    s << outdent << "}\n\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeModuleInitFunction(TextStream &s, const QString &moduleDef,
                                           const QString &execFunc, const QString &convInitFunc,
                                           const QString &containerConvInitFunc,
                                           const QString &qtEnumRegisterMetaTypeFunc)
{
     s << "extern \"C\" LIBSHIBOKEN_EXPORT PyObject *PyInit_"
         << moduleName() << "()\n{\n" << indent
         << "Shiboken::init();\n\n";

     // Static initialization: Create converter/type arrays and retrieve arrays
     // of the required modules for initializing the converters.
     const int maxTypeIndex = getMaxTypeIndex() + api().instantiatedSmartPointers().size();
     if (maxTypeIndex) {
         s << "// Create an array of wrapper types/names for the current module.\n"
             << "static Shiboken::Module::TypeInitStruct cppApi[] = {\n" << indent;

         // Windows did not like an array of QString.
         QStringList typeNames;
         for (int idx = 0; idx < maxTypeIndex; ++idx)
             typeNames.append("+++ unknown entry #"_L1 + QString::number(idx)
                              + " in "_L1 + moduleName());

         collectFullTypeNamesArray(typeNames);

         for (const auto &typeName : typeNames)
             s << "{nullptr, \"" << typeName << "\"},\n";

         s << "{nullptr, nullptr}\n" << outdent << "};\n"
             << "// The new global structure consisting of (type, name) pairs.\n"
             << cppApiVariableName() << " = cppApi;\n";
         if (usePySideExtensions())
             s << "QT_WARNING_PUSH\nQT_WARNING_DISABLE_DEPRECATED\n";
         s << "// The backward compatible alias with upper case indexes.\n"
             << cppApiVariableNameOld() << " = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject **>(cppApi);\n";
         if (usePySideExtensions())
             s << "QT_WARNING_POP\n";
         s << '\n';
     }

     s << "// Create an array of primitive type converters for the current module.\n"
         << "static SbkConverter *sbkConverters[SBK_" << moduleName()
         << "_CONVERTERS_IDX_COUNT" << "];\n"
         << convertersVariableName() << " = sbkConverters;\n\n";

     const TypeDatabase *typeDb = TypeDatabase::instance();
     const CodeSnipList snips = typeDb->defaultTypeSystemType()->codeSnips();

     writeModuleCodeSnips(s, snips, TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionBeginning,
                          TypeSystem::TargetLangCode);

     const QStringList &requiredModules = typeDb->requiredTargetImports();
     for (const QString &requiredModule : requiredModules) {
         s << "{\n" << indent
              << "Shiboken::AutoDecRef requiredModule(Shiboken::Module::import(\"" << requiredModule << "\"));\n"
              << "if (requiredModule.isNull())\n" << indent
              << "return nullptr;\n" << outdent
              << cppApiVariableName(requiredModule)
              << " = Shiboken::Module::getTypes(requiredModule);\n"
              << convertersVariableName(requiredModule)
              << " = Shiboken::Module::getTypeConverters(requiredModule);\n" << outdent
              << "}\n\n";
     }

     s << convInitFunc << "();\n" << containerConvInitFunc << "();\n";
     if (!qtEnumRegisterMetaTypeFunc.isEmpty())
         s << qtEnumRegisterMetaTypeFunc << "();\n";
     s << '\n';

     // As of 8/25, Nuitka does not support multi-phase initialization. Fall back
     s << "PyObject *module = nullptr;\n"
         << "if (Shiboken::isCompiled()) {\n" << indent
         << moduleDef << ".m_size = -1;\n"
         << moduleDef << ".m_slots = nullptr;\n"
         << "module = Shiboken::Module::createOnly(\""  << moduleName()
         << "\", &" << moduleDef << ");\n"
         << "if (module == nullptr)\n" << indent << "return nullptr;\n" << outdent
         << "#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED\n"
         << "PyUnstable_Module_SetGIL(module, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED);\n"
         << "#endif\n"
         << "if (" << execFunc << "(module) != 0)\n" << indent << "return nullptr;\n" << outdent
         << outdent << "} else {\n" << indent;
      // Multi-phase initialization (exec() will be called by CPython).
      s  << "module = PyModuleDef_Init(&" << moduleDef << ");\n" << outdent << "}\n"
         << "return module;\n" << outdent << "}\n\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeQtEnumRegisterMetaTypeFunction(TextStream &s,
                                                       const QString &name,
                                                       const AbstractMetaEnumList &globalEnums)
{
    s << "static void " << name << "()\n{\n" << indent;
    for (const AbstractMetaEnum &metaEnum : globalEnums) {
        if (!metaEnum.isAnonymous()) {
            ConfigurableScope configScope(s, metaEnum.typeEntry());
            s << "qRegisterMetaType< " << Generator::getFullTypeName(metaEnum.typeEntry())
              << " >(\"" << metaEnum.name() << "\");\n";
        }
    }
    s << outdent << "}\n\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeModuleExecFunction(TextStream &s, const QString &name,
                                           const QString &opaqueContainerRegisterFunc,
                                           const QString &enumRegisterFunc,
                                           const QString &classPythonDefines,
                                           const AbstractMetaClassCList &classesWithStaticFields)
{
    // Code to run in an module instance of a subinterpreter (Py_mod_exec)
    s << "extern \"C\" {\nstatic int " << name << "(PyObject *module)\n{\n" << indent
        << "Shiboken::Module::exec(module);\n\n";

    // module inject-code target/beginning
    const TypeDatabase *typeDb = TypeDatabase::instance();
    const CodeSnipList snips = typeDb->defaultTypeSystemType()->codeSnips();

    const QString subModuleOf = typeDb->defaultTypeSystemType()->subModuleOf();
    if (!subModuleOf.isEmpty())
        writeSubModuleHandling(s,  moduleName(), subModuleOf);

    s << "// Initialize classes in the type system\n" << classPythonDefines << '\n';
    if (!opaqueContainerRegisterFunc.isEmpty())
        s << opaqueContainerRegisterFunc << "(module);\n";
    if (!enumRegisterFunc.isEmpty())
        s << enumRegisterFunc << "(module);\n";
    s << '\n';

    const int maxTypeIndex = getMaxTypeIndex() + api().instantiatedSmartPointers().size();
    if (maxTypeIndex)
        s << "Shiboken::Module::registerTypes(module, " << cppApiVariableName() << ");\n";
    s << "Shiboken::Module::registerTypeConverters(module, " << convertersVariableName() << ");\n";

    // Static fields are registered last since they may use converter functions
    // of the previously registered types (PYSIDE-1529).
    if (!classesWithStaticFields.isEmpty()) {
        s << "\n// Static field initialization\n";
        for (const auto &cls : std::as_const(classesWithStaticFields)) {
            ConfigurableScope configScope(s, cls->typeEntry());
            s << getSimpleClassStaticFieldsInitFunctionName(cls) << "(module);\n";
        }
    }

    s << '\n' << initInheritanceFunction << "();\n"
        << "\nif (" << shibokenErrorsOccurred << ") {\n" << indent
        << "PyErr_Print();\n"
        << "Py_FatalError(\"shiboken: can't initialize module " << moduleName() << "\");\n"
        << outdent << "}\n";

    // module inject-code target/end
    writeModuleCodeSnips(s, snips, TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionEnd, TypeSystem::TargetLangCode);

    // module inject-code native/end
    writeModuleCodeSnips(s, snips, TypeSystem::CodeSnipPositionEnd, TypeSystem::NativeCode);

    if (usePySideExtensions()) // cleanup staticMetaObject attribute
        s << "PySide::registerCleanupFunction(cleanTypesAttributes);\n\n";

    // finish the rest of get_signature() initialization.
    s << outdent << "#if PYSIDE6_COMOPT_COMPRESS == 0\n" << indent
        << "FinishSignatureInitialization(module, " << moduleName() << "_SignatureStrings);\n"
        << outdent << "#else\n" << indent
        << "if (FinishSignatureInitBytes(module, " << moduleName() << "_SignatureBytes, "
        << moduleName() << "_SignatureByteSize) < 0)\n" << indent << "return -1;\n" << outdent
        << outdent << "#endif\n" << indent
        << "\nreturn 0;\n" << outdent << "}\n} // extern \"C\"\n\n";
}

static ArgumentOwner getArgumentOwner(const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func, int argIndex)
{
    ArgumentOwner argOwner = func->argumentOwner(func->ownerClass(), argIndex);
    if (argOwner.index == ArgumentOwner::InvalidIndex)
        argOwner = func->argumentOwner(func->declaringClass(), argIndex);
    return argOwner;
}

// Whether to enable parent ownership heuristic for a function and its argument.
// Both must belong to the same class hierarchy and have the same
// type entry enabling parent management.
static bool useParentHeuristics(const ApiExtractorResult &api,
                                const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func,
                                const AbstractMetaType &argType)
{
    if (!ComplexTypeEntry::isParentManagementEnabled()) // FIXME PYSIDE 7: Remove this
        return true;
    const auto owner = func->ownerClass();
    if (!owner)
        return false;
    auto ownerEntry = parentManagementEntry(owner);
    if (!ownerEntry)
        return false;
    auto argTypeEntry = argType.typeEntry();
    if (!argTypeEntry->isComplex())
        return false;
    const auto argClass = AbstractMetaClass::findClass(api.classes(), argTypeEntry);
    return argClass && parentManagementEntry(argClass) == ownerEntry;
}

bool CppGenerator::writeParentChildManagement(TextStream &s, const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func,
                                              int argIndex,
                                              bool usePyArgs, bool useHeuristicPolicy) const
{
    const int numArgs = func->arguments().size();
    bool ctorHeuristicEnabled = func->isConstructor() && useCtorHeuristic() && useHeuristicPolicy;
    bool heuristicTriggered = false;

    ArgumentOwner argOwner = getArgumentOwner(func, argIndex);
    ArgumentOwner::Action action = argOwner.action;
    int parentIndex = argOwner.index;
    int childIndex = argIndex;
    if (ctorHeuristicEnabled && argIndex > 0 && argIndex <= numArgs) {
        const AbstractMetaArgument &arg = func->arguments().at(argIndex-1);
        if (arg.name() == u"parent" && arg.type().isObjectType()
            && useParentHeuristics(api(), func, arg.type())) {
            action = ArgumentOwner::Add;
            parentIndex = argIndex;
            childIndex = -1;
            heuristicTriggered = true;
        }
    }

    QString parentVariable;
    QString childVariable;
    if (action != ArgumentOwner::Invalid) {
        if (!usePyArgs && argIndex > 1)
            qCWarning(lcShiboken).noquote().nospace()
                << "Argument index for parent tag out of bounds: " << func->signature();

        if (action == ArgumentOwner::Remove) {
            parentVariable = u"Py_None"_s;
        } else {
            if (parentIndex == 0) {
                parentVariable = PYTHON_RETURN_VAR;
            } else if (parentIndex == -1) {
                parentVariable = PYTHON_SELF_VAR;
            } else {
                parentVariable = usePyArgs
                    ? pythonArgsAt(parentIndex - 1) : PYTHON_ARG;
            }
        }

        if (childIndex == 0) {
            childVariable = PYTHON_RETURN_VAR;
        } else if (childIndex == -1) {
            childVariable = PYTHON_SELF_VAR;
        } else {
            childVariable = usePyArgs
                ? pythonArgsAt(childIndex - 1) : PYTHON_ARG;
        }

        s << "// Ownership transferences";
        if (heuristicTriggered)
            s << " (constructor heuristics)";
        s << ".\nShiboken::Object::setParent(" << parentVariable << ", "
            << childVariable << ");\n";
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}

void CppGenerator::writeParentChildManagement(TextStream &s, const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func,
                                              bool usesPyArgs,
                                              bool useHeuristicForReturn) const
{
    const int numArgs = func->arguments().size();

    // -1    = return value
    //  0    = self
    //  1..n = func. args.
    for (int i = -1; i <= numArgs; ++i)
        writeParentChildManagement(s, func, i, usesPyArgs, useHeuristicForReturn);

    if (useHeuristicForReturn)
        writeReturnValueHeuristics(s, func);
}

void CppGenerator::writeReturnValueHeuristics(TextStream &s, const AbstractMetaFunctionCPtr &func) const
{
    const  AbstractMetaType &type = func->type();
    if (!useReturnValueHeuristic()
        || !func->ownerClass()
        || type.isVoid()
        || func->isStatic()
        || func->isConstructor()
        || func->isTypeModified()
        || !useParentHeuristics(api(), func, type)
        // Something like parent(), parentWidget(): No child relationship here.
        || (func->maybeAccessor() && func->name().startsWith(u"parent"))) {
        return;
    }

    ArgumentOwner argOwner = getArgumentOwner(func, ArgumentOwner::ReturnIndex);
    if (argOwner.action == ArgumentOwner::Invalid || argOwner.index != ArgumentOwner::ThisIndex) {
        if (type.isPointerToWrapperType()) {
            s << "// Ownership transferences (return value heuristics).\n"
                << "Shiboken::Object::setParent(self, " << PYTHON_RETURN_VAR << ");\n";
        }
    }
}

void CppGenerator::writeHashFunction(TextStream &s, TextStream &t, const GeneratorContext &context)
{
    const auto metaClass = context.metaClass();
    t << fullPythonClassName(metaClass) << ".__hash__(self)->int\n";
    const char hashType[] = "Py_hash_t";
    s << "static " << hashType << ' ' << cpythonBaseName(metaClass)
        << "_HashFunc(PyObject *self)\n{\n" << indent;
    writeCppSelfDefinition(s, context);

    bool deref = true;
    QString name = metaClass->typeEntry()->hashFunction();
    if (name.isEmpty())
        name = metaClass->hashFunction();
    else
        deref = !metaClass->isObjectType();
    Q_ASSERT(!name.isEmpty());

    s << "return " << hashType << '(' << name << '(';
    if (deref)
        s << '*';
    s << CPP_SELF_VAR << "));\n"
        << outdent << "}\n\n";
}

void CppGenerator::writeDefaultSequenceMethods(TextStream &s,
                                               const GeneratorContext &context) const
{
    const auto &metaClass = context.metaClass();
    ErrorReturn errorReturn = ErrorReturn::Zero;

    // __len__
    const QString namePrefix = cpythonBaseName(metaClass->typeEntry());
    s << "Py_ssize_t " << namePrefix
        << "__len__(PyObject *self)\n{\n" << indent;
    writeCppSelfDefinition(s, context, errorReturn);
    s << "return " << CPP_SELF_VAR << "->size();\n"
        << outdent << "}\n";

    // __getitem__
    s << "PyObject *" << namePrefix
        << "__getitem__(PyObject *self, Py_ssize_t _i)\n{\n" << indent;
    writeCppSelfDefinition(s, context, errorReturn);
    writeIndexError(s, ErrorReturn::NullPtr);

    s << metaClass->qualifiedCppName() << "::const_iterator _item = "
        << CPP_SELF_VAR << "->begin();\n"
        << "std::advance(_item, _i);\n";

    const AbstractMetaTypeList &instantiations = metaClass->templateBaseClassInstantiations();
    if (instantiations.isEmpty()) {
        QString m;
        QTextStream(&m) << "shiboken: " << __FUNCTION__
            << ": Internal error, no instantiations of \"" << metaClass->qualifiedCppName()
            << "\" were found.";
        throw Exception(m);
    }
    const AbstractMetaType &itemType = instantiations.constFirst();

    s << "return ";
    writeToPythonConversion(s, itemType, metaClass, u"*_item"_s);
    s << ";\n" << outdent << "}\n";

    // __setitem__
    s << "int " << namePrefix
        << "__setitem__(PyObject *self, Py_ssize_t _i, PyObject *pyArg)\n{\n"
        << indent;
    errorReturn = ErrorReturn::MinusOne;
    writeCppSelfDefinition(s, context, errorReturn);
    writeIndexError(s, errorReturn);

    s << PYTHON_TO_CPPCONVERSION_STRUCT << ' ' << PYTHON_TO_CPP_VAR << ";\n"
        << "if (!";
    writeTypeCheck(s, itemType, u"pyArg"_s, isNumber(itemType.typeEntry()));
    s << ") {\n" << indent
        << "Shiboken::Errors::setSequenceTypeError(\"" << itemType.name() << "\");\n"
        << "return -1;\n" << outdent << "}\n";
    writeArgumentConversion(s, itemType, u"cppValue"_s,
                            u"pyArg"_s, errorReturn, metaClass);

    s << metaClass->qualifiedCppName() << "::iterator _item = "
        << CPP_SELF_VAR << "->begin();\n"
        << "std::advance(_item, _i);\n"
        << "*_item = cppValue;\n";

    s << "return {};\n" << outdent << "}\n";
}
void CppGenerator::writeIndexError(TextStream &s, ErrorReturn errorReturn)
{
    s << "const Py_ssize_t size = " << CPP_SELF_VAR << "->size();\n"
        << "if (_i < 0 || _i >= size) {\n"
        << indent << "Shiboken::Errors::setIndexOutOfBounds(_i, 0, size);\n"
        << errorReturn << outdent << "}\n";
}

QString CppGenerator::writeReprFunctionHeader(TextStream &s, const GeneratorContext &context)
{
    QString funcName = cpythonBaseName(context.metaClass()) + REPR_FUNCTION;
    s << "extern \"C\"\n{\n"
      << "static PyObject *" << funcName << "(PyObject *self)\n{\n" << indent;
    return funcName;
}

QString CppGenerator::writeReprFunction(TextStream &s,
                                        const GeneratorContext &context,
                                        uint indirections)
{
    const auto &metaClass = context.metaClass();
    QString funcName = writeReprFunctionHeader(s, context);
    writeCppSelfDefinition(s, context);
    s << R"(QBuffer buffer;
buffer.open(QBuffer::ReadWrite);
QDebug dbg(&buffer);
dbg << )";
    if (metaClass->typeEntry()->isValue() || indirections == 0)
         s << '*';
    s << CPP_SELF_VAR << R"(;
buffer.close();
QByteArray str = buffer.data();
const auto idx = str.indexOf('(');
auto *typeName = Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name;
if (idx >= 0)
)" << indent << "str.replace(0, idx, typeName);\n" << outdent
        << "str = str.trimmed();\n"
        << "Shiboken::AutoDecRef tpDict(PepType_GetDict(Py_TYPE(self)));\n"
        << "PyObject *mod = PyDict_GetItem(tpDict.object(), Shiboken::PyMagicName::module());\n";
    // PYSIDE-595: The introduction of heap types has the side effect that the module name
    // is always prepended to the type name. Therefore the strchr check:
    s << "if (mod != nullptr && std::strchr(typeName, '.') == nullptr)\n" << indent
        << "return Shiboken::String::fromFormat(\"<%s.%s at %p>\","
           " Shiboken::String::toCString(mod), str.constData(), self);\n"
        << outdent
        << "return Shiboken::String::fromFormat(\"<%s at %p>\", str.constData(), self);\n";
    writeReprFunctionFooter(s);
    return funcName;
}

void CppGenerator::writeReprFunctionFooter(TextStream &s)
{
    s << outdent << "}\n} // extern C\n\n";
}
