OFL FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions about the SIL Open Font License (OFL)
Version 1.1-update1 - 31 March 2009
(See http://scripts.sil.org/OFL for updates)


1  ABOUT USING AND DISTRIBUTING FONTS LICENSED UNDER THE OFL

1.1  Can I use the fonts in any publication, even embedded in the file?
Yes. You may use them like most other fonts, but unlike some fonts you may
include an embedded subset of the fonts in your document. Such use does not
require you to include this license or other files (listed in OFL condition 2),
nor does it require any type of acknowledgement within the publication. Some
mention of the font name within the publication information (such as in a
colophon) is usually appreciated. If you wish to include the complete font as a
separate file, you should distribute the full font package, including all
existing acknowledgements, and comply with the OFL conditions. Of course,
referencing or embedding an OFL font in any document does not change the
license of the document itself. The requirement for fonts to remain under the
OFL does not apply to any document created using the fonts and their
derivatives. Similarly, creating any kind of graphic using a font under OFL
does not make the resulting artwork subject to the OFL.

1.2  Can I make web pages using these fonts?
Yes! Go ahead! Using CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is recommended. Direct usage
of fonts retrieved from a remote server - also referred to as font linking -
using cross-platform open standards like @font-face is encouraged. This is
considered to be use and distribution for which the OFL explicitly grants
permission. The font file itself is not embedded in the webpage but referenced
through a web address (i.e. a URI regardless of file format or access protocol)
which will cause the browser to retrieve and use the corresponding font to
render the webpage. This usage scenario is different from font embedding within
a document (i.e. a PDF) where the font or some of its elements become part of
the document. Note that embedding in a document is also permitted by the
license as indicated in 1.1. (See 1.10 for details related to URL-based access
restrictions methods or DRM mechanisms).

1.3  Can I make the fonts available to others from my web site?
Yes, as long as you meet the conditions of the license (do not sell by itself,
include the necessary files, include the necessary copyright and license
information, rename Modified Versions, do not abuse the Author(s)' name(s) and
do not sublicense). In the case where you are hosting fonts to be served on the
web, make sure the file contains the needed copyright notice(s) and licensing
information in its metadata. Please double-check the accuracy of every field to
prevent contradictory information. If you are making the font available for use
via the @font-face open standard, putting this information in the standard font
metadata fields is sufficient. Other font formats, including EOT and proposed
superior alternatives, already provide fields for this information.

1.4  Can the fonts be included with Free/Libre and Open Source Software
collections such as GNU/Linux and BSD distributions?
Yes! Fonts licensed under the OFL can be freely aggregated with software under
FLOSS (Free/Libre and Open Source Software) licenses. Since fonts are much more
useful aggregated to than merged with existing software, possible
incompatibility with existing software licenses is not a problem. You can also
repackage the fonts and the accompanying components in a .rpm or .deb package
and include them in distro CD/DVDs and online repositories.

1.5  I want to distribute the fonts with my program. Does this mean my program
also has to be free/libre and open source software?
No. Only the portions based on the Font Software are required to be released
under the OFL. The intent of the license is to allow aggregation or bundling
with software under restricted licensing as well.

1.6  Can I include the fonts on a CD of freeware or commercial fonts?
Yes, as long some other font or software is also on the disk, so the OFL font
is not sold by itself.

1.7  Can I sell a software package that includes these fonts?
Yes, you can do this with both the Original Version and a Modified Version.
Examples of bundling made possible by the OFL would include: word processors,
design and publishing applications, training and educational software,
edutainment software, etc.

1.8  Why won't the OFL let me sell the fonts alone?
The intent is to keep people from making money by simply redistributing the
fonts. The only people who ought to profit directly from the fonts should be
the original authors, and those authors have kindly given up potential direct
income to distribute their fonts under the OFL. Please honor and respect their
contribution!

1.9  I've come across a font released under the OFL. How can I easily get more
information about the Original Version? How can I know where it stands compared
to the Original Version or other Modified Versions?
Consult the copyright statement(s) in the license for ways to contact the
original authors. Consult the FONTLOG for information on how the font differs
from the Original Version, and get in touch with the various contributors via
the information in the acknowledgment section. Please consider using the
Original Versions of the fonts whenever possible.

1.10  What do you mean in condition 4? Can you provide examples of abusive
promotion / endorsement / advertisement vs. normal acknowledgement?
The intent is that the goodwill and reputation of the author(s) should not be
used in a way that makes it sound like the original author(s) endorse or
approve of a specific Modified Version or software bundle. For example, it
would not be right to advertise a word processor by naming the author(s) in a
listing of software features, or to promote a Modified Version on a web site by
saying "designed by ...". However, it would be appropriate to acknowledge the
author(s) if your software package has a list of people who deserve thanks. We
realize that this can seem to be a gray area, but the standard used to judge an
acknowledgement is that if the acknowledgement benefits the author(s) it is
allowed, but if it primarily benefits other parties, or could reflect poorly on
the author(s), then it is not.

1.11  Can Font Software released under the OFL be subject to URL-based access
restrictions methods or DRM mechanisms?
Yes, but these issues are out-of-scope for the OFL. The license itself neither
encourages their use nor prohibits them since such mechanisms are not
implemented in the components of the Font Software but through external
software. Such restrictions are put in place for many different purposes
corresponding to various usage scenarios. One common example is to limit
potentially dangerous cross-site scripting attacks. However, in the spirit of
libre/open fonts and unrestricted writing systems, we strongly encourage open
sharing and reuse of OFL fonts, and the establishment of an environment where
such restrictions are unnecessary. Note that whether you wish to use such
mechanisms or you prefer not to, you must still abide by the rules set forth by
the OFL when using fonts released by their authors under this license.
Derivative fonts must be licensed under the OFL, even if they are part of a
service for which you charge fees and/or for which access to source code is
restricted. You may not sell the fonts on their own - they must be part of a
larger software package or bundle. For example, even if the OFL font is
distributed in a software package or via an online service using a DRM
mechanism, the user would still have the right to extract that font, use,
study, modify and redistribute it under the OFL.

1.12  What about distributing fonts with a document? Within a compressed folder
structure like an OpenDocument file (.odt) for example? Is it redistribution,
bundling or embedding?
The vast majority of the time, documents circulated in electronic form
reference a font name which will match the corresponding font on the target
system but do not carry the font within themselves. There may, however, be some
cases where you need to bundle a font with the document. Certain document
formats may allow the inclusion of an unmodified font within their file
structure which consists of a compressed folder containing the various
resources forming the document (such as pictures and thumbnails). Including
fonts within such a structure is understood as being different from embedding
but rather similar to bundling (or mere aggregation) for which the licensing
makes explicit provision. In this case the font is conveyed unchanged whereas
embedding a font transforms it from the original format. The OFL does not allow
anyone to extract the font from such a structure to then redistribute it under
another license. The explicit permission to redistribute and embed does not
cancel the requirement for the Font Software to remain under the license chosen
by its Author(s).

1.13  If OFL fonts are extracted from a document in which they are embedded
(such as a PDF file), what can be done with them? Is this a risk to Author(s)?
The few utilities that can extract fonts embedded in a PDF will only output
limited amounts of outlines - not a complete font. To create a working font
from this method is much more difficult than finding the source of the original
OFL font. So there is little chance that an OFL font would be extracted and
redistributed inappropriately through this method. Even so, copyright laws
address any misrepresentation of authorship. All Font Software released under
the OFL and marked as such by the Author(s) is intended to remain under this
license regardless of the distribution method, and cannot be redistributed
under any other license. We strongly discourage any font extraction - we
recommend directly using the font sources instead - but if you extract font
outlines from a document please be considerate, use your common sense and
respect the work of the Author(s) and the licensing model.

1.14  What about sharing OFL fonts with friends on a CD, DVD or USB stick?
You are very welcome to share open fonts with friends, family and colleagues on
such removable media. Please make sure that you share and share-alike as much
as possible from what the Author(s) released and that you don't strip away
useful information which may not be present in the binary font files
themselves. Just remember that in the case where you sell the font, it has to
come bundled with software.


2  ABOUT MODIFYING OFL LICENSED FONTS

2.1  Can I change the fonts? Are there any limitations to what things I can and
cannot change?
You are allowed to change anything, as long as such changes do not violate the
terms of the license. In other words, you are not allowed to remove the
copyright statement(s) from the font, but you could add additional information
into it that covers your contribution.

2.2  I have a font that needs a few extra glyphs - can I take them from an OFL
licensed font and copy them into mine?
Yes, but if you distribute that font to others it must be under the OFL, and
include the information mentioned in condition 2 of the license.

2.3  Can I charge people for my additional work? In other words, if I add a
bunch of special glyphs and/or OpenType/Graphite code, can I sell the enhanced
font?
Not by itself. Derivative fonts must be released under the OFL and cannot be
sold by themselves. It is permitted, however, to include them in a larger
software package (such as text editors, office suites or operating systems),
even if the larger package is sold. In that case, you are strongly encouraged,
but not required, to also make that derived font easily and freely available
outside of the larger package.

2.4  Can I pay someone to enhance the fonts for my use and distribution?
Yes. This is a good way to fund the further development of the fonts. Keep in
mind, however, that if the font is distributed to others it must be under the
OFL. You won't be able to recover your investment by exclusively selling the
font, but you will be making a valuable contribution to the community. Please
remember how you have benefitted from the contributions of others.

2.5  I need to make substantial revisions to the font to make it work with my
program. It will be a lot of work, and a big investment, and I want to be sure
that it can only be distributed with my program. Can I restrict its use?
No. If you redistribute a Modified Version of the font it must be under the
OFL. You may not restrict it in any way. This is intended to ensure that all
released improvements to the fonts become available to everyone. But you will
likely get an edge over competitors by being the first to distribute a bundle
with the enhancements. Again, please remember how you have benefitted from the
contributions of others.

2.6  Do I have to make any derivative fonts (including extended source files,
build scripts, documentation, etc.) publicly available?
No, but please do share your improvements with others. You may find that you
receive more than what you gave in return.

2.7  Why can't I use the Reserved Font Name(s) in my derivative font names? I'd
like people to know where the design came from.
The best way to acknowledge the source of the design is to thank the original
authors and any other contributors in the files that are distributed with your
revised font (although no acknowledgement is required). The FONTLOG is a
natural place to do this. Reserved Font Name(s) ensure that the only fonts that
have the original names are the unmodified Original Versions. This allows
designers to maintain artistic integrity while allowing collaboration to
happen. It eliminates potential confusion and name conflicts. When choosing a
name be creative and avoid names that reuse almost all the same letters in the
same order or sound like the original. Keep in mind that the Copyright
Holder(s) can allow a specific trusted partner to use Reserved Font Name(s)
through a separate written agreement.

2.8  What do you mean by "primary name as presented to the user"? Are you
referring to the font menu name?
Yes, the requirement to change the visible name used to differentiate the font
from others applies to the font menu name and other mechanisms to specify a
font in a document. It would be fine, for example, to keep a text reference to
the original fonts in the description field, in your modified source file or in
documentation provided alongside your derivative as long as no one could be
confused that your modified source is the original. But you cannot use the
Reserved Font Names in any way to identify the font to the user (unless the
Copyright Holder(s) allow(s) it through a separate agreement; see section 2.7).
Users who install derivatives ("Modified Versions") on their systems should not
see any of the original names ("Reserved Font Names") in their font menus, for
example. Again, this is to ensure that users are not confused and do not
mistake a font for another and so expect features only another derivative or
the Original Version can actually offer. Ultimately, creating name conflicts
will cause many problems for the users as well as for the designer of both the
Original and Modified versions, so please think ahead and find a good name for
your own derivative. Font substitution systems like fontconfig, or
application-level font fallback configuration within OpenOffice.org or Scribus,
will also get very confused if the name of the font they are configured to
substitute to actually refers to another physical font on the user's hard
drive. It will help everyone if Original Versions and Modified Versions can
easily be distinguished from one another and from other derivatives. The
substitution mechanism itself is outside the scope of the license. Users can
always manually change a font reference in a document or set up some kind of
substitution at a higher level but at the lower level the fonts themselves have
to respect the Reserved Font Name(s) requirement to prevent ambiguity. If a
substitution is currently active the user should be aware of it.

2.9  Am I not allowed to use any part of the Reserved Font Names?
You may not use the words of the font names, but you would be allowed to use
parts of words, as long as you do not use any word from the Reserved Font Names
entirely. We do not recommend using parts of words because of potential
confusion, but it is allowed. For example, if "Foobar" was a Reserved Font
Name, you would be allowed to use "Foo" or "bar", although we would not
recommend it. Such an unfortunate choice would confuse the users of your fonts
as well as make it harder for other designers to contribute.

2.10  So what should I, as an author, identify as Reserved Font Names?
Original authors are encouraged to name their fonts using clear, distinct
names, and only declare the unique parts of the name as Reserved Font Names.
For example, the author of a font called "Foobar Sans" would declare "Foobar"
as a Reserved Font Name, but not "Sans", as that is a common typographical
term, and may be a useful word to use in a derivative font name. Reserved Font
Names should also be single words. A font called "Flowing River" should have
Reserved Font Names "Flowing" and "River", not "Flowing River".

2.11  Do I, as an author, have to identify any Reserved Font Names?
No, but we strongly encourage you to do so. This is to avoid confusion between
your work and Modified versions. You may, however, give certain trusted parties
the right to use any of your Reserved Font Names through separate written
agreements. For example, even if "Foobar" is a RFN, you could write up an
agreement to give company "XYZ" the right to distribute a modified version with
a name that includes "Foobar". This allows for freedom without confusion.

2.12  Are any names (such as the main font name) reserved by default?
No. That is a change to the license as of version 1.1. If you want any names to
be Reserved Font Names, they must be specified after the copyright statement(s).

2.13  What is this FONTLOG thing exactly?
It has three purposes: 1) to provide basic information on the font to users and
other developers, 2) to document changes that have been made to the font or
accompanying files, either by the original authors or others, and 3) to provide
a place to acknowledge the authors and other contributors. Please use it! See
below for details on how changes should be noted.

2.14  Am I required to update the FONTLOG?
No, but users, designers and other developers might get very frustrated at you
if you don't! People need to know how derivative fonts differ from the
original, and how to take advantage of the changes, or build on them.


3  ABOUT THE FONTLOG

The FONTLOG can take a variety of formats, but should include these four
sections:

3.1  FONTLOG for <FontFamilyName>
This file provides detailed information on the <FontFamilyName> Font Software.
This information should be distributed along with the <FontFamilyName> fonts
and any derivative works.

3.2  Basic Font Information
(Here is where you would describe the purpose and brief specifications for the
font project, and where users can find more detailed documentation. It can also
include references to how changes can be contributed back to the Original
Version. You may also wish to include a short guide to the design, or a
reference to such a document.)

3.3  ChangeLog
(This should list both major and minor changes, most recent first. Here are
some examples:)

7 February 2007 (Pat Johnson) <NewFontFamilyName> Version 1.3
- Added Greek and Cyrillic glyphs
- Released as "<NewFontFamilyName>"

7 March 2006 (Fred Foobar) <NewFontFamilyName> Version 1.2
- Tweaked contextual behaviours
- Released as "<NewFontFamilyName>"

1 Feb 2005 (Jane Doe) <NewFontFamilyName> Version 1.1
- Improved build script performance and verbosity
- Extended the smart code documentation
- Corrected minor typos in the documentation
- Fixed position of combining inverted breve below (U+032F)
- Added OpenType/Graphite smart code for Armenian
- Added Armenian glyphs (U+0531 -> U+0587)
- Released as "<NewFontFamilyName>"

1 Jan 2005 (Joe Smith) <FontFamilyName> Version 1.0
- Initial release of font "<FontFamilyName>"

3.4  Acknowledgements
(Here is where contributors can be acknowledged.

If you make modifications be sure to add your name (N), email (E), web-address
(W) and description (D). This list is sorted by last name in alphabetical
order.)

N: Jane Doe
E: jane@university.edu
W: http://art.university.edu/projects/fonts
D: Contributor - Armenian glyphs and code

N: Fred Foobar
E: fred@foobar.org
W: http://foobar.org
D: Contributor - misc Graphite fixes

N: Pat Johnson
E: pat@fontstudio.org
W: http://pat.fontstudio.org
D: Designer - Greek & Cyrillic glyphs based on Roman design

N: Tom Parker
E: tom@company.com
W: http://www.company.com/tom/projects/fonts
D: Engineer - original smart font code

N: Joe Smith
E: joe@fontstudio.org
W: http://joe.fontstudio.org
D: Designer - original Roman glyphs

(Original authors can also include information here about their organization.)


4  ABOUT MAKING CONTRIBUTIONS

4.1  Why should I contribute my changes back to the original authors?
It would benefit many people if you contributed back to what you've received.
Providing your contributions and improvements to the fonts and other components
(data files, source code, build scripts, documentation, etc.) could be a
tremendous help and would encourage others to contribute as well and 'give
back', which means you will have an opportunity to benefit from other people's
contributions as well. Sometimes maintaining your own separate version takes
more effort than merging back with the original. Be aware that any
contributions, however, must be either your own original creation or work that
you own, and you may be asked to affirm that clearly when you contribute.

4.2  I've made some very nice improvements to the font, will you consider
adopting them and putting them into future Original Versions?
Most authors would be very happy to receive such contributions. Keep in mind
that it is unlikely that they would want to incorporate major changes that
would require additional work on their end. Any contributions would likely need
to be made for all the fonts in a family and match the overall design and
style. Authors are encouraged to include a guide to the design with the fonts.
It would also help to have contributions submitted as patches or clearly marked
changes (the use of smart source revision control systems like subversion, svk,
mercurial, git or bzr is a good idea). Examples of useful contributions are bug
fixes, additional glyphs, stylistic alternates (and the smart font code to
access them) or improved hinting.

4.3  How can I financially support the development of OFL fonts?
It is likely that most authors of OFL fonts would accept financial
contributions - contact them for instructions on how to do this. Such
contributions would support future development. You can also pay for others to
enhance the fonts and contribute the results back to the original authors for
inclusion in the Original Version.


5  ABOUT THE LICENSE

5.1  I see that this is version 1.1 of the license. Will there be later changes?
Version 1.1 is the first minor revision of the OFL. We are confident that
version 1.1 will meet most needs, but are open to future improvements. Any
revisions would be for future font releases, and previously existing licenses
would remain in effect. No retroactive changes are possible, although the
Copyright Holder(s) can re-release the font under a revised OFL. All versions
will be available on our web site: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.

5.2  Can I use the SIL Open Font License for my own fonts?
Yes! We heartily encourage anyone to use the OFL to distribute their own
original fonts. It is a carefully constructed license that allows great freedom
along with enough artistic integrity protection for the work of the authors as
well as clear rules for other contributors and those who redistribute the
fonts. Some additional information about using the OFL is included at the end
of this FAQ.

5.3  Does this license restrict the rights of the Copyright Holder(s)?
No. The Copyright Holder(s) still retain(s) all the rights to their creation;
they are only releasing a portion of it for use in a specific way. For example,
the Copyright Holder(s) may choose to release a 'basic' version of their font
under the OFL, but sell a restricted 'enhanced' version. Only the Copyright
Holder(s) can do this.

5.4 Is the OFL a contract or a license?
The OFL is a license and not a contract and so does not require you to sign it
to have legal validity. By using, modifying and redistributing components under
the OFL you indicate that you accept the license.

5.5 How about translating the license and the FAQ into other languages?
SIL certainly recognises the need for people who are not familiar with English
to be able to understand the OFL and this FAQ better in their own language.
Making the license very clear and readable is a key goal of the OFL.

If you are an experienced translator, you are very welcome to help by
translating the OFL and its FAQ so that designers and users in your language
community can understand the license better. But only the original English
version of the license has legal value and has been approved by the community.
Translations do not count as legal substitutes and should only serve as a way
to explain the original license. SIL - as the author and steward of the license
for the community at large - does not approve any translation of the OFL as
legally valid because even small translation ambiguities could be abused and
create problems.

We give permission to publish unofficial translations into other languages
provided that they comply with the following guidelines:

- put the following disclaimer in both English and the target language stating
clearly that the translation is unofficial:

"This is an unofficial translation of the SIL Open Font License into $language.
It was not published by SIL International, and does not legally state the
distribution terms for fonts that use the OFL. A release under the OFL is only
valid when using the original English text.

However, we recognize that this unofficial translation will help users and
designers not familiar with English to understand the SIL OFL better and make
it easier to use and release font families under this collaborative font design
model. We encourage designers who consider releasing their creation under the
OFL to read the FAQ in their own language if it is available.

Please go to http://scripts.sil.org/OFL for the official version of the license
and the accompanying FAQ."

- keep your unofficial translation current and update it at our request if
needed, for example if there is any ambiguity which could lead to confusion.

If you start such a unofficial translation effort of the OFL and its
accompanying FAQ please let us know, thank you.


6  ABOUT SIL INTERNATIONAL

6.1  Who is SIL International and what does it do?
SIL International is a worldwide faith-based education and development
organization (NGO) that studies, documents, and assists in developing the
world's lesser-known languages through literacy, linguistics, translation, and
other academic disciplines. SIL makes its services available to all without
regard to religious belief, political ideology, gender, race, or ethnic
background. SIL's members and volunteers share a Christian commitment.

6.2  What does this have to do with font licensing?
The ability to read, write, type and publish in one's own language is one of
the most critical needs for millions of people around the world. This requires
fonts that are widely available and support lesser-known languages. SIL
develops - and encourages others to develop - a complete stack of writing
systems implementation components available under open licenses. This open
stack includes input methods, smart fonts, smart rendering libraries and smart
applications. There has been a need for a common open license that is
specifically applicable to fonts and related software (a crucial component of
this stack) so SIL developed the SIL Open Font License with the help of the
FLOSS community.

6.3  How can I contact SIL?
Our main web site is: http://www.sil.org/
Our site about complex scripts is: http://scripts.sil.org/
Information about this license (including contact email information) is at:
http://scripts.sil.org/OFL


7  ABOUT USING THE OFL FOR YOUR ORIGINAL FONTS

If you want to release your fonts under the OFL, you only need to do the
following:

7.1  Put your copyright and reserved font names information in the beginning of
the main OFL file (simply use the dedicated placeholders).
7.2  Put your copyright and the OFL references in your various font files (such
as in the copyright, license and description fields) and in your other
components (build scripts, glyph databases, documentation, rendering samples,
etc). Accurate metadata in your font files is beneficial to you as an
increasing number of applications are exposing this information to the user.
For example, clickable links can bring users back to your website and let them
know about other work you have done or services you provide. Depending on the
format of your fonts and sources, you can use template human-readable headers
or machine-readable metadata.
7.3  Write an initial FONTLOG for your font and include it in the release
package.
7.4  Include the OFL license file in your release package.
7.5  We also highly recommend you include the relevant practical documentation
on the license by putting the OFL-FAQ in your package.
7.6  If you wish, you can use the OFL Graphics on your web page.

That's all. If you have any more questions please get in touch with us.
