TQWMatrix Class

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# TQWMatrix Class Reference

The TQWMatrix class specifies 2D transformations of a coordinate system. More...

`#include <ntqwmatrix.h>`

List of all member functions.

## Public Members

- TQWMatrix ()
- TQWMatrix ( double m11, double m12, double m21, double m22, double dx, double dy )
- void setMatrix ( double m11, double m12, double m21, double m22, double dx, double dy )
- double m11 () const
- double m12 () const
- double m21 () const
- double m22 () const
- double dx () const
- double dy () const
- void map ( int x, int y, int * tx, int * ty ) const
- void map ( double x, double y, double * tx, double * ty ) const
- TQRect mapRect ( const TQRect & rect ) const
- TQPoint map ( const TQPoint & p ) const
- TQRect map ( const TQRect & r ) const (obsolete)
- TQPointArray map ( const TQPointArray & a ) const
- TQRegion map ( const TQRegion & r ) const
- TQRegion mapToRegion ( const TQRect & rect ) const
- TQPointArray mapToPolygon ( const TQRect & rect ) const
- void reset ()
- bool isIdentity () const
- TQWMatrix & translate ( double dx, double dy )
- TQWMatrix & scale ( double sx, double sy )
- TQWMatrix & shear ( double sh, double sv )
- TQWMatrix & rotate ( double a )
- bool isInvertible () const
- double det () const
- TQWMatrix invert ( bool * invertible = 0 ) const
- bool operator== ( const TQWMatrix & m ) const
- bool operator!= ( const TQWMatrix & m ) const
- TQWMatrix & operator*= ( const TQWMatrix & m )
- enum TransformationMode { Points, Areas }

## Static Public Members

- void setTransformationMode ( TQWMatrix::TransformationMode m )
- TransformationMode transformationMode ()

## Related Functions

- TQDataStream & operator<< ( TQDataStream & s, const TQWMatrix & m )
- TQDataStream & operator>> ( TQDataStream & s, TQWMatrix & m )

## Detailed Description

The TQWMatrix class specifies 2D transformations of a coordinate system.

The standard coordinate system of a paint device has the origin located at the top-left position. X values increase to the right; Y values increase downward.

This coordinate system is the default for the TQPainter, which renders graphics in a paint device. A user-defined coordinate system can be specified by setting a TQWMatrix for the painter.

Example:

            MyWidget::paintEvent( TQPaintEvent * )
            {
                TQPainter p;                      // our painter
                TQWMatrix m;                      // our transformation matrix
                m.rotate( 22.5 );                // rotated coordinate system
                p.begin( this );                 // start painting
                p.setWorldMatrix( m );           // use rotated coordinate system
                p.drawText( 30,20, "detator" );  // draw rotated text at 30,20
                p.end();                         // painting done
            }

A matrix specifies how to translate, scale, shear or rotate the graphics; the actual transformation is performed by the drawing routines in TQPainter and by TQPixmap::xForm().

The TQWMatrix class contains a 3x3 matrix of the form:

m11 | m12 | 0
m21 | m22 | 0
dx | dy | 1

A matrix transforms a point in the plane to another point:

            x' = m11*x + m21*y + dx
            y' = m22*y + m12*x + dy

The point (x, y) is the original point, and (x', y') is the transformed point. (x', y') can be transformed back to (x, y) by performing the same operation on the inverted matrix.

The elements dx and dy specify horizontal and vertical translation. The elements m11 and m22 specify horizontal and vertical scaling. The elements m12 and m21 specify horizontal and vertical shearing.

The identity matrix has m11 and m22 set to 1; all others are set to 0. This matrix maps a point to itself.

Translation is the simplest transformation. Setting dx and dy will move the coordinate system dx units along the X axis and dy units along the Y axis.

Scaling can be done by setting m11 and m22. For example, setting m11 to 2 and m22 to 1.5 will double the height and increase the width by 50%.

Shearing is controlled by m12 and m21. Setting these elements to values different from zero will twist the coordinate system.

Rotation is achieved by carefully setting both the shearing factors and the scaling factors. The TQWMatrix also has a function that sets rotation directly.

TQWMatrix lets you combine transformations like this:

            TQWMatrix m;           // identity matrix
            m.translate(10, -20); // first translate (10,-20)
            m.rotate(25);         // then rotate 25 degrees
            m.scale(1.2, 0.7);    // finally scale it

Here's the same example using basic matrix operations:

            double a    = pi/180 * 25;         // convert 25 to radians
            double sina = sin(a);
            double cosa = cos(a);
            TQWMatrix m1(1, 0, 0, 1, 10, -20);  // translation matrix
            TQWMatrix m2( cosa, sina,           // rotation matrix
                        -sina, cosa, 0, 0 );
            TQWMatrix m3(1.2, 0, 0, 0.7, 0, 0); // scaling matrix
            TQWMatrix m;
            m = m3 * m2 * m1;                  // combine all transformations

TQPainter has functions to translate, scale, shear and rotate the coordinate system without using a TQWMatrix. Although these functions are very convenient, it can be more efficient to build a TQWMatrix and call TQPainter::setWorldMatrix() if you want to perform more than a single transform operation.

See also TQPainter::setWorldMatrix(), TQPixmap::xForm(), Graphics Classes, and Image Processing Classes.

## Member Type Documentation

### TQWMatrix::TransformationMode

TQWMatrix offers two transformation modes. Calculations can either be done in terms of points (Points mode, the default), or in terms of area (Area mode).

In Points mode the transformation is applied to the points that mark out the shape's bounding line. In Areas mode the transformation is applied in such a way that the area of the contained region is correctly transformed under the matrix.

- `TQWMatrix::Points` - transformations are applied to the shape's points.
- `TQWMatrix::Areas` - transformations are applied (e.g. to the width and height) so that the area is transformed.

Example:

Suppose we have a rectangle, `TQRect( 10, 20, 30, 40 )` and a transformation matrix `TQWMatrix( 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0 )` to double the rectangle's size.

In Points mode, the matrix will transform the top-left (10,20) and the bottom-right (39,59) points producing a rectangle with its top-left point at (20,40) and its bottom-right point at (78,118), i.e. with a width of 59 and a height of 79.

In Areas mode, the matrix will transform the top-left point in the same way as in Points mode to (20/40), and double the width and height, so the bottom-right will become (69,99), i.e. a width of 60 and a height of 80.

Because integer arithmetic is used (for speed), rounding differences mean that the modes will produce slightly different results given the same shape and the same transformation, especially when scaling up. This also means that some operations are not commutative.

Under Points mode, `matrix * ( region1 | region2 )` is not equal to `matrix * region1 | matrix * region2`. Under Area mode, `matrix * (pointarray[i])` is not neccesarily equal to `(matrix * pointarry)[i]`.

## Member Function Documentation

### TQWMatrix::TQWMatrix ()

Constructs an identity matrix. All elements are set to zero except m11 and m22 (scaling), which are set to 1.

### TQWMatrix::TQWMatrix ( double m11, double m12, double m21, double m22, double dx, double dy )

Constructs a matrix with the elements, m11, m12, m21, m22, dx and dy.

### double TQWMatrix::det () const

Returns the matrix's determinant.

### double TQWMatrix::dx () const

Returns the horizontal translation.

### double TQWMatrix::dy () const

Returns the vertical translation.

### TQWMatrix TQWMatrix::invert ( bool * invertible = 0 ) const

Returns the inverted matrix.

If the matrix is singular (not invertible), the identity matrix is returned.

If invertible is not 0: the value of *invertible is set to true if the matrix is invertible; otherwise *invertible is set to false.

See also isInvertible().

Example: t14/cannon.cpp.

### bool TQWMatrix::isIdentity () const

Returns true if the matrix is the identity matrix; otherwise returns false.

See also reset().

### bool TQWMatrix::isInvertible () const

Returns true if the matrix is invertible; otherwise returns false.

See also invert().

### double TQWMatrix::m11 () const

Returns the X scaling factor.

### double TQWMatrix::m12 () const

Returns the vertical shearing factor.

### double TQWMatrix::m21 () const

Returns the horizontal shearing factor.

### double TQWMatrix::m22 () const

Returns the Y scaling factor.

### void TQWMatrix::map ( int x, int y, int * tx, int * ty ) const

Transforms ( x, y ) to ( *tx, *ty ) using the formulae:

            *tx = m11*x + m21*y + dx  (rounded to the nearest integer)
            *ty = m22*y + m12*x + dy  (rounded to the nearest integer)

Examples: t14/cannon.cpp and xform/xform.cpp.

### void TQWMatrix::map ( double x, double y, double * tx, double * ty ) const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Transforms ( x, y ) to ( *tx, *ty ) using the following formulae:

            *tx = m11*x + m21*y + dx
            *ty = m22*y + m12*x + dy

### TQPoint TQWMatrix::map ( const TQPoint & p ) const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Transforms p to using the formulae:

            retx = m11*px + m21*py + dx  (rounded to the nearest integer)
            rety = m22*py + m12*px + dy  (rounded to the nearest integer)

### TQRect TQWMatrix::map ( const TQRect & r ) const

This function is obsolete. It is provided to keep old source working. We strongly advise against using it in new code.

Please use TQWMatrix::mapRect() instead.

Note that this method does return the bounding rectangle of the r, when shearing or rotations are used.

### TQPointArray TQWMatrix::map ( const TQPointArray & a ) const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns the point array a transformed by calling map for each point.

### TQRegion TQWMatrix::map ( const TQRegion & r ) const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Transforms the region r.

Calling this method can be rather expensive, if rotations or shearing are used.

### TQRect TQWMatrix::mapRect ( const TQRect & rect ) const

Returns the transformed rectangle rect.

The bounding rectangle is returned if rotation or shearing has been specified.

If you need to know the exact region rect maps to use operator*().

See also operator*().

Example: xform/xform.cpp.

### TQPointArray TQWMatrix::mapToPolygon ( const TQRect & rect ) const

Returns the transformed rectangle rect as a polygon.

Polygons and rectangles behave slightly differently when transformed (due to integer rounding), so `matrix.map( TQPointArray( rect ) )` is not always the same as `matrix.mapToPolygon( rect )`.

### TQRegion TQWMatrix::mapToRegion ( const TQRect & rect ) const

Returns the transformed rectangle rect.

A rectangle which has been rotated or sheared may result in a non-rectangular region being returned.

Calling this method can be expensive, if rotations or shearing are used. If you just need to know the bounding rectangle of the returned region, use mapRect() which is a lot faster than this function.

See also TQWMatrix::mapRect().

### bool TQWMatrix::operator!= ( const TQWMatrix & m ) const

Returns true if this matrix is not equal to m; otherwise returns false.

### TQWMatrix & TQWMatrix::operator*= ( const TQWMatrix & m )

Returns the result of multiplying this matrix by matrix m.

### bool TQWMatrix::operator== ( const TQWMatrix & m ) const

Returns true if this matrix is equal to m; otherwise returns false.

### void TQWMatrix::reset ()

Resets the matrix to an identity matrix.

All elements are set to zero, except m11 and m22 (scaling) which are set to 1.

See also isIdentity().

### TQWMatrix & TQWMatrix::rotate ( double a )

Rotates the coordinate system a degrees counterclockwise.

Returns a reference to the matrix.

See also translate(), scale(), and shear().

Examples: canvas/canvas.cpp, desktop/desktop.cpp, drawdemo/drawdemo.cpp, t14/cannon.cpp, and xform/xform.cpp.

### TQWMatrix & TQWMatrix::scale ( double sx, double sy )

Scales the coordinate system unit by sx horizontally and sy vertically.

Returns a reference to the matrix.

See also translate(), shear(), and rotate().

Examples: canvas/canvas.cpp, fileiconview/qfileiconview.cpp, movies/main.cpp, qmag/qmag.cpp, showimg/showimg.cpp, and xform/xform.cpp.

### void TQWMatrix::setMatrix ( double m11, double m12, double m21, double m22, double dx, double dy )

Sets the matrix elements to the specified values, m11, m12, m21, m22, dx and dy.

### void TQWMatrix::setTransformationMode ( TQWMatrix::TransformationMode m )`[static]`

Sets the transformation mode that TQWMatrix and painter transformations use to m.

See also TQWMatrix::TransformationMode.

### TQWMatrix & TQWMatrix::shear ( double sh, double sv )

Shears the coordinate system by sh horizontally and sv vertically.

Returns a reference to the matrix.

See also translate(), scale(), and rotate().

Examples: drawdemo/drawdemo.cpp and xform/xform.cpp.

### TransformationMode TQWMatrix::transformationMode ()`[static]`

Returns the current transformation mode.

See also TQWMatrix::TransformationMode.

### TQWMatrix & TQWMatrix::translate ( double dx, double dy )

Moves the coordinate system dx along the X-axis and dy along the Y-axis.

Returns a reference to the matrix.

See also scale(), shear(), and rotate().

Examples: canvas/canvas.cpp, drawdemo/drawdemo.cpp, t14/cannon.cpp, and xform/xform.cpp.

## Related Functions

### TQDataStream & operator<< ( TQDataStream & s, const TQWMatrix & m )

Writes the matrix m to the stream s and returns a reference to the stream.

See also Format of the TQDataStream operators.

### TQDataStream & operator>> ( TQDataStream & s, TQWMatrix & m )

Reads the matrix m from the stream s and returns a reference to the stream.

See also Format of the TQDataStream operators.

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